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Документ Analysis of the Activities of the Vice-Rectors of the Hlukhiv Pedagogical Institute Under the Rectorships of Mykola Velikolug and Leonid Gnatyuk(Гельветика, 2025) Valiukh Oleksandr; Валюх ОлександрThe purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the vice-rectors of the Hlukhiv Pedagogical Institute during the rectorships of Mykola Velykuluh (1980-1985) and Leonid Hnatyuk (1985-1990) and to create a prosopographic portrait of the leadership of the higher education institution. The basis of the source base of the article was the personal files of the vice-rectors, which are stored in the Departmental Archive of the Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University. To implement the purpose of the study, we used biographical, chronological methods, and the general scientific method of system analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the results of the created collective portrait of the rectors and vice-rectors of the Hlukhiv State Pedagogical Institute named after S. M. Sergeev-Tsensky Mykola Velykuluh and Leonid Hnatyuk, who worked alternately during the 1980s, have been introduced into scientific circulation. In the course of our research, we determined that thereis a continuity in their activities. This indicates the acquisition of experience and professional competence. That is, during the tenure of the rector L. Hnatyuk, the vice-rectorate was more stable. For the above reasons, the average age of vice-rectors at this time was also higher: 43.8years versus 40.2 years. Also, the indicator of highly qualified personnel in general in the period 1985-1990 was higher, as 80% versus 25%. In addition, the gender ratio was in favor of women during the rectorship of L.Hnatyuk. Conclusions. Thus, the comparative analysis conducted by us in this study and the created prosopographical and professional portrait of the vice-rectors of the Glukhiv State Pedagogical Institute helped us to better identify the features of the development of the higher education institution during the tenures of M.Velykoluh and L.Hnatyuk in the adjacent historical periods of the 1980s.Документ «Polish Road to Freedom”: the Fate of Revolutionary Viktor Boleslawovych Arendt (1843-1927)(2025) Cherkasov Oleksandr Oleksandrovych; Черкасов Олександр Олександрович; Bilichenko Lidiia; Біліченко ЛідіяThe article is devoted to the study of the life path of the Polish revolutionary Viktor Bolesławowicz Arendt (1943-1927). The aim of the work is a comprehensive study of the life path of the Polish-Ukrainian revolutionary Viktor Boleslavovich Arendt. To solve this problem, classical methods of historical science were applied – the principles of historicism, dialectics, systematics, which make it possible to study phenomena in the process of formation, formation and development, in an organic connection with the conditions that gave rise to them, the spirit of the time. The study is conducted taking into account the unity of internal and external, subjective and objective factors of the historical process. Conclusions are drawn based on the analysis of the entire complex of sources used, taking into account existing scientific and research traditions. Scientific novelty. The study is the first attempt at a comprehensive analysis of archival sources that reflect the revolutionary, scientific-historical, and legal activities of Victor Arendt. Conclusions. The research revealed that Victor Arendt was born on January12, 1843 in Kyiv and came from a Polish family. After graduating from the Vilnius Classical Gymnasium in 1859, he volunteered for Italy in the army of Giuseppe Garibaldi, to defend the oppressed people from the Papal authority and Austrian occupation. Upon returning home in 1860, he entered the Krakow-Jagiellonian Academy, at the Faculty of History and Philology, which he graduated in 1863. On January22, 1863, the Polish Revolutionary Foundation in Warsaw declared a general Polish uprising against the imperial government. Victor Arendt, as an ethnic Pole, immediately appeared at the Foundation and was accepted as an assistant secretary. It has been established that after the suppression of the Polish uprising by Russian troops, in March 1864, Victor Arendt was convicted and arrived to serve his sentence in Vologda prison. After the amnesty of 1867, he went to Paris, where he took part in the uprising of the Paris Commune. After returning to the Russian Empire, Victor Arendt took part in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. In 1907, he entered the Moscow Archaeological Institute as a student, which he graduated with honors in 1909. Later, he was electedan honorary member of the institute and defended his thesis there on the topic: “Prehistoric monuments of the Western Royal Prussians” and received the title of “scientific archaeologist”. In 1909, Victor Arendt decided to become a lawyer and graduated from Moscow University. During 1914-1918, he participated in the First World War. In 1918, during the change of power in Ukraine, Symon Petliura appointed Viktor Arendt as an investigator for important cases in the UNR Directory. In 1918, when the vanguard of the Bolshevik army entered Kyiv, Symon Petliura’s troops retreated and left Kyiv. In their absence, Arendt, Cherkeza, and Ananyev released the Bolsheviks from prisons. Upon Petliura’s return to Kyiv, Viktor Arendt was arrested and thrown into prison. He was released after the establishment of Bolshevik power. In 1918-1919, Viktor Arendt was the inspector of forests of the Kyiv province and conducted inspections in the counties. However, falling ill, he was forced to leave for Crimea, where he was appointed forester of the Alupka Forest. In February 1921 Arendt left for Smolensk on assignment to the position of Smolensk provincial forest inspector, where in 1922 he was appointed investigator for important cases, and in 1923 to the position of investigator of the Western District Military Transport Tribunal. In 1924, Victor Arendtretired from service due to health reasons and was enrolled in the section of scientific workers. Twenty of his scientific works were translated into foreign languages, and the Paris Academy of Sciences elected him as its member. In 1927, Victor Arendt’s health deteriorated significantly. In this regard, as a native of Kyiv, he was sent to the Odessa House of Revolutionary Veterans. 1927 was the last year of Victor Arendt’s life.Документ Turkic Tribes in the Caucasus During the Early Middle Ages(2025) Huseinova Irada Mekhdihulu kyzy; Гусейнова Ірада Мехдігулу кизи; Терігеле Чжан; Terihele ChzhanThe aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive examination of the ethno-political processes that occurred in the Caucasus during the early medieval period, with particular emphasis on the role of Turkic tribes–such as the Huns, Khazars, Savirs, Bulgars, and others–in transforming the historical and cultural landscape of the region. The article is aimed at identifying patterns of interaction between nomadic tribes, and settled peoples of Transcaucasia, their influence on political structures, religious systems and the ethnic picture of the Caucasus. It traces the dynamics of migrations, military campaigns and diplomatic missions of Turkic-speaking peoples in the context of the broader geopolitical struggle between Byzantium, the Caliphate and the steppe powers.The scientific novelty of the work lies in the multidimensional approach to the analysis of ethnic, and political changes in the Caucasus, realized through the synthesis of written sources (including Byzantine chronicles, Arabic treatises, Chinese chronicles) and archaeological data, as well as reliance on the latest research in the field of historical anthropology and ethnography. Forthe first time, the author introduces into scholarly circulation a set of data derived from Chinese chronicles of the Han and Tang dynasties, which makes it possible to broaden the understanding of the international relations of the Turkic tribes. The chronology of the Khazar-Arab clashes is also clarified, and the little-studied aspects of the cultural adaptation of the Turks in the conditions ofthe border region characterized by a high degree of ethno-confessional diversity are considered.In conclusion, it is emphasized that Turkic tribes, who acted in the Caucasus not only as conquerors but also as intermediaries between different cultures, had a significant impact on the development of political institutions, the transformation of the ethno-religious landscape and the formation of a unique Caucasian model of coexistence. Their participation in the historical processes of the 6th-8thcenturies was a factor of profound changes reflected in the stable political and cultural ties between the Eurasian Steppe and the South Caucasus. The findings broaden the horizons of research on the early medieval history of Eurasia and emphasize the importance of the Caucasus as a strategic crossroads of civilizations.Документ Archaeological Research in Gorodsk (1930-50s)(2025) Khadadova Maryna Volodymyrivna; Хададова Марина ВолодимирівнаThe article highlights the history of archaeological research of the multi-layered settlement of Gorodsk, an eponymous monument of the late Trypillian culture and a monument of the Ansient Rus period during the 1930s-50s.The purpose of the article: to highlight the stages of archaeological study of Gorodsk during the 1930s-50s.The methodological basis of the study is the principle of scientificity and systematicity, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization.Scientific novelty: for the first time, information on the study of archaeological monuments of Gorodsk during the 1930s-1950s.And the modern study of materials from the monument were analyzed and systematized. Conclusions. Archaeological study of monuments on the territory of the village of Gorodske began at the end of the 19th century, but large-scale archaeological research was first carried out in 1936, when employees of the Polissya Historical and Technical Expedition of the Institute of Mines and Mineralogy of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR conducted reconnaissance excavations at all three hillforts. During the reconnaissance excavations of 1936, chronicle information about the destruction of the hillfort by Prince Danylo Galicia was confirmed, in particular due to the presence of human skeletons in the burnt cages. At the second hillfort, Chervona Gora, the remains of an Eneolithic settlement were found, which became the first known Late Trypillian settlement located on the banks of the Teteriv River. Further research allowed us to trace the layout of the settlement, two types of housing construction, and study its material culture. Later, the Gorodske Late Trypillian settlement became an eponymous monument that illustrated certain local features and was considered by researchers as the final stage of the existence of the Trypillian culture. The study of the Ansient Rus stage of the monument’s functioning continued in 1940. Excavations were mainly carried out at the so-called Small settlement, which was finally fully explored in 1958. According to researchers, the Small settlement was a separate fortified part of the chronicle city where artisans lived. In the subsequent period, as a result of the study of excavation materials, in particular ceramics, two cultural and chronological horizons were distinguished –Ancient Rus and post-Horde. This indicated that life on the settlement did not completely cease after 1257. Мета статті. У статті висвітлюється історія археологічних досліджень багатошарового городища Городська, епонімної пам’ятки пізньотрипільської культури та пам’ятки давньоруського часу протягом 30-50-хрр. 20ст. висвітлити етапи археологічного вивчення Городська протягом 30-50-хрр. 20ст. Методологічною основою дослідження виступають принцип науковості та системності, методи аналізу, синтезу, узагальнення. Наукова новизна: вперше проаналізовано та систематизовано інформацію про дослідження археологічних пам’яток Городска протягом 30-50-хрр. 20ст. та сучасне вивчення матеріалів з пам’ятки. Висновки. Археологічне вивчення пам’яток на території с.Городське розпочалось ще в кінці 19ст., але масштабні археологічні дослідження вперше були проведені в 1936р., коли співробітники Поліської історико-технічної експедиції ІІМК АН УРСР провели розвідкові розкопки на всіх трьох городищах. В ході розвідкових розкопок 1936р. були підтверджені літописні відомості про знищення городища князем Данилом Галицьким, зокрема через наявність в обгорілих клітях людських кістяків. На другому городищі Червона Гора були знайдені рештки поселення енеолітичного часу, яке стає першим відомим пізньотрипільським поселенням, розташованим на берегах р.Тетерів. Подальші дослідження дозволили простежити планування поселення, два види житлобудування, вивчити його матеріальну культуру. В подальшому городське пізньотрипільське поселення стає епонімною пам’яткою, що ілюструвала певні локальні особливості і розглядалась дослідниками як завершальна стадія існування трипільської культури. Вивчення давньоруського етапу функціонування пам’ятки продовжилось в 1940р. Розкопки переважно проводились на так званому Малому городищі, яке, в результаті було повністю досліджене в 1958р. На думку дослідників, Мале городище було окремою укріпленою частиною літописного міста де проживали ремісники. В подальший період у результаті вивчення матеріалів з розкопок, зокрема кераміки, були виділені два культурно-хронологічні горизонти – давньоруський і післяординський. Це свідчило про те, що життя на городищі після 1257р. не припинилося повністю.Документ The Newspaper «Dilo» as a Source for Studying the Parliamentary Activity of Andrii Kosa(2025) Кліш Андрій Богданович; Klish Andrii Bohdanovych; Zuliak Ivan Stepanovych; Зуляк Іван СтепановичThe purpose of the research is to analyze the Ukrainian daily newspaper Dilo as a source for researching the parliamentary activity of Andrii Kos – one of the leading Ukrainian deputies to the Imperial Council of Austria-Hungary at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The focus is on identifying the role of the publication in informing the public about the activities of Ukrainian parliamentarians, particularly Kos, as well as reconstructing his political stance through journalistic, analytical, and stenographic materials.The research methodologyis grounded in the principles of historicism, narrative analysis, and source criticism. The primary source base consists of «Dilo» publications from 1897 to 1903, which recorded Kos’s speeches, parliamentary inquiries, commentaries, and interpretations of his work. The study employs content analysis of parliamentary materials and thematic classification of Kos’s statements regarding pressing social, national, and legal issues. Additional archival sources, memoirs, and historiographical literature are used to critically cross-reference the data.The scientific novelty.For the first time in Ukrainian historiography, Dilo is analyzed as a coherent and systematic body of sources for reconstructing the political portrait of a specific Ukrainian parliamentarian within the Austro-Hungarian legislative system. The study identifies the specifics of how information was presented in the newspaper, the editorial board’s ideological stance on Kos’s key political initiatives, and the role of the press as an instrument for shaping public opinion and political culture in Halychyna.Conclusions. The «Dilo» newspaper emerges not only as a source of factual information but also as an active participant in the political process – a voice of the national-democratic wing of the Ukrainian movement in Austria-Hungary. Its publications allow for the reconstruction of both the substantive aspects of Andrii Kos’s parliamentary activity and the mechanisms of political communication between the deputy and the electorate. The analysis highlights key themes of his work, such as the defense of the Ukrainian language in the judiciary, criticism of fiscal policies affecting the peasantry, opposition to censorship, and advocacy against the feudal-era propinacja system. In public discourse, Andrii Kos appears both as a representative of socially marginalized groups and as an advocate for broader national emancipation of Ukrainians within the multiethnic empire. The results of this study may be useful for further research on the role of the press as a source of political history, as well as in developing topics related to the history of parliamentarianism and national representation of Ukrainians in the 19th and 20thcenturies.Документ «Nazione Ruthena, Nazione Cosacca»: the Image of Ukrainians in Italy in the 16th -17th centuries(2025) Krupenia Iryna Mykolaivna; Крупеня Ірина Миколаївна; Murza Yevhen; Мурза ЄвгенThe purpose of the research is to examines the historical perception and presence of Ukrainians in the Italian cultural, religious, and educational milieu of the 16th-17thcenturies. Special attention is given to the analysis of terms such as «Ruthenians» (Rutheni), «Ruthenian nation» (Nazione Ruthena), and «Cossack nation» (Nazione Cosacca) as used in the official correspondence of papal nuncios, and in the works of Italian humanists and historians. The study traces the evolution of ethnonyms and the perception of Ukrainian identity within the Italian intellectual space. It also examines the integration of noble Ukrainian students into the Italian educational system. Additionally, the article sheds light on the concept of «nation» in early modernEurope and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It demonstrates that Ukrainians were recognized in Italy as a distinct nation on religious, cultural, and partially political grounds, and that the Cossacks were portrayed as defenders of their «ancient freedom». The research methodology is based on historical and philological analysis of sources, including papal reports and Italian chronicles. A comparative analysis of ethnonyms and interpretations of Ukrainian (Ruthenian) identity in the context of early modern Europe has been conducted.The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of scattered references to Ukrainians in Italian sources, with a focus on the terminology used to describe Ukrainians in early modern Italian tradition.Conclusions. In the Italian context of the 16th-17thcenturies, Ukrainians were recognized as a distinct nation on religious, cultural, and partially political levels. The concepts of the Ruthenian nation and the Cossack nation were united by a shared Ruthenian faith. In Italian sources, the Cossacks were perceived as having political agency, yet they were viewed as part of the Ruthenian people with the Ruthenian religion.Документ The Caucasus Region in the System of National Resistance to the Colonial Policy of the Russian Empire in the First Half of the 19th century(2025) Mykhtunenko Viktoriia Viktorivna; Михтуненко Вікторія Вікторівна; Zhukov Oleksandr Volodymyrovych; Жуков Олександр ВолодимировичThis article presents a comprehensive analysis of the processes of national resistance by the peoples of the Caucasus region to the colonial policies of the Russian Empire during the first half of the 19thcentury. The primary objective of the study is to identify the political, military, and socio-cultural dynamics of anti-imperial movements in the Caucasus, with particular emphasis on their forms, stages, and ideological foundations. The author seeks to explore not only the specific manifestations of resistance, but also the broader context of colonial confrontation in which the national identity of the Caucasian peoples was shaped.The methodological framework of the study combines historical-comparative analysis, elements of the philosophy of colonialism, content analysis of sources (including memoirs and locally produced narratives), and an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates insights from political science. This approach allows for the reconstruction not only of historical events, but also of the mentalities of the resistance participants and their perception of the conflict with imperialpower.The author reveals the complex socio-political and religious structure of the region, which significantly influenced the character and forms of resistance. Special attention is given to the role of Islam, which, under external pressure, transformed into a powerful ideological platform for anti-colonial struggle. The article emphasizes the figure of Imam Shamil as a symbol of the unification of the North Caucasus mountain peoples around the ideas of jihad and the Sharia-based order as an alternative to imperial domination.The scholarly novelty of the article lies in its rethinking of traditional approaches to the study of the Caucasian War and the associated resistance movements. Unlike conventional Russian imperial narratives, the article focuses on the agency of the Caucasian peoples and their struggle to preserve political autonomy, religious traditions, and cultural identity. Particular attention is devoted to the phenomenon of Shamil’s Imamate as a form of quasi-state entity that opposed Russian expansion, and to the ideological role of Islam as a resource of resistance. The article also examines the military-administrative measures employed by the Russian Empire to gradually incorporate the Caucasus into the imperial structure. These included the construction of fortified lines, armed suppression of uprisings, deportations, land confiscations, and the dismantling of traditional systems of self-governance. The study traces how, at various stages of the 19thcentury, Russian imperial strategies evolved from military confrontation to attempts at “pacification” and administrative control.The conclusion substantiates that the resistance of the Caucasian peoples was not merely a reactive phenomenon, but one grounded in profound national and civilizational motives. The author argues that the Russian Empire’s colonial policy in the Caucasus constituted not only territorial expansion, but also a systematic attempt at cultural assimilation, which was met with a multifaceted and prolonged response from the local population. Thus, the struggle in the Caucasus during the first half of the 19th century is interpreted as part of a broader global process of national self-determination among subjugated peoples in the age of imperialism.Документ Industry and Workforce of the Ukrainian SSR During the Postwar Years (1946-1965): the Genesis of the Historiosophical Concept of Ukrainian-Centered Historiography(2025) Nefodov Dmytro; Нефьодов ДмитроThe article highlights the key milestones in the formation of the historiosophical concept of Ukraine-centered historiography of the 1990s in the context of the study of industrial development and workforce in the Ukrainian SSR during the postwar years (1946-1965).It has been noted that the significant and positive changes in the theoretical, methodological, conceptual and historiosophical fields of Ukrainian history, which began in the perestroika period, were further developed during the 1990s. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the unexpectedly powerful impetus for a thorough reconsideration of Ukraine’s entire history as well as the postwar twentieth century and the role of Ukrainian workforce and industry during this time was not the result of the internal logic of the historical science development. The transformation of national historiography was notably propelled by a robust external political motivation in 1991, which, along with the groundwork that had been laid, initiated a thorough reconsideration of the field.The development of an independent national historical science has led to numerous conceptual and fundamental questions for its scholars. These questions focus on the perspectives and contexts from which Ukrainian history should be the studied and written (and frequently rewritten). For the sake of real, not just paper, independence and, at the same time, for integration into the world historical community, a course of Ukraine-centeredness was chosen on the basis of theoretical and methodological principles generally accepted by the world scientific community and modern methods and technologies of historical epistemology. In the context of renewal, the only possible solution was to find comprehensive, integrated approaches to the object of study and to combine the methodological and methodical principles of historical knowledge, proven through years of practical application, with new ones. The main conclusion of the early 1990s was the understanding that researchers should focus on people (humanity, communities, social groups), that is, the history of the Ukrainian postwar industry and workforce should be studied from a historical and anthropocentric perspectives.Документ Scythian-Time Fortune Site in Posulla(2025) Olitskyi Viacheslav Oleksandrovych; Оліцький В'ячеслав Олександрович; Шеремет Олександр; Sheremet OleksandrThe purpose of the researchis to generalise and systematise archaeological information about the Scythian-era settlements within the boundaries of Posul, to analyse their spatial location, structural features and cultural affiliation to clarify the role of these monuments in the socio-political processes of the Early Iron Age in Left-Bank Ukraine.The research methodology is based on a combination of archaeological, typological and spatial analysis, considering the historical and cultural context, which allows for a comprehensive description of the Scythian settlements of Posul. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the generalisation and systematisation of archaeological data, the isolation of the areas of fortified settlements with their inherent features, as well as in expanding ideas about the chronological boundaries and functional duration of the monuments in the context of the socio-political processes of the Early Iron Age in Left-Bank Ukraine. Conclusions. Despite more than 100 years of study of the monuments of Posul, they cannot be considered to have been studied in detail. The northern group, namely Basivske, Svyrydivske, and Hlynske, can be viewed as the most studied among the hillforts of the Sula River basin. The most significant work was done on these monuments; their sizes and dating were established. Most of the hillforts, especially the southern group, particularly Lugovitske, Postav-MukaI, and Sukhonosivske, were only examined or studied episodically. This makes it impossible to have a comprehensive idea of the region’s defensive points system. At the same time, the analysis of the spatial location of the monuments allows us to speak about the existence of two main areas –northern and southern – each of which had its specifics of settlement, features of landscape selection and organisation of fortifications. The dominant position among them is occupied by Basivske hillfort, which is distinguished by its size, complexity of fortifications, and the presence of accompanying burial complexes. Chronologically, most of the hillforts arose in the middle of the 6thcenturyBC, and their functioning mainly falls on the Scythian period, with the probable continuation of the use of individual sites in the Zarubynet period. This indicates the existence of settlement structures for a relatively long time and their adaptation to changes in the political and demographic situation.Документ Changes in the Rural Administrative-Territorial Structure and Their Impact on the Living Conditions of the Population (1990s and 2000s)(2025) Padalka Serhii Semenovych; Падалка Сергій СеменовичThe article aims to clarify the nature of changes in the rural administrative-territorial structure and their impact on the living conditions of the population. Its methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, and verification. The scholar employed problem and chronological, retrospective, and geopolitical methods. The research novelty comes from expanding our understanding of changes in the social structure of Ukrainian society after 1991, clarifying the impact of changes in the administrative-territorial structure on the living conditions of the rural population, and advocating the idea thatthe Ukrainian countryside has acquired a number of new spatial characteristics, saw changes in the number of settlements and their functional orientation and available types of economic activity. The issue has been studied by Ya.Fedorenko, T.Melnychuk, M.Ihnatenko, L.Kovpak, and O.Androshchuk. Our effort to reconstruct various aspects of the impact of changes in the administrative-territorial structure on the everyday life of the population was facilitated by the works of economists V.Prokopa and O.Pavliv, as well as published source materials. The main results of the study: the author has identified the general trends in the number of villages and their impact on the living conditions of the rural population. He paid particular attention to the essential aspects of social practices in large, medium and small villages and showed some elements of self-organization of the life of the population of villages that were classified by the state authorities as depressive.Документ The Moscophile Movement as a Target of Soviet Influence on the Socio-Political Situation in Western Ukraine in the 1920s(2025) Shchehlov Andrii Yuriiovych; Щеглов Андрій ЮрійовичThe purpose of the study is comprehensive analysis of how Soviet diplomatic structures instrumentalized a segment of the Russophile movement in Eastern Galicia to form the left-radical party “Sel-Rob” as a legal political base for subversive activities in Western Ukraine. This influence was directed both against the institutions of the Polish state and the diverse ideological currents of the Ukrainian national movement. The methodological framework of the study is based on the principles of objectivity, reliability, historicism, scientific rigor, and consideration of alternative perspectives. This approach makes it possible to single out a specific segment of the Russophile movement as an object of Sovietinfluence in interwar Poland, to characterize its ideological foundations, political platform, and organizational structure as the basis for the formation and noticeable influence of the legal political party “Sel-rob” on the socio-political situation in Western Ukraine in the 1920s. The party was formed through the unification of the left-radical party “Narodna Volia” with the “Peasants’ Union” party under the active organizational efforts of Soviet diplomacy in Warsaw. The scientific novelty lies in the identification and analysis of a previously underexplored mechanism of Soviet influence through the creation and support of a far-left legal political entity intended to destabilize the socio-political landscape of Western Ukraine in the 1920s. Conclusions. After the incorporation of most of the Western Ukrainian ethnic lands into the restored Polish state, socio-political processes unfolded under new geopolitical conditions. These changes, among other factors, influenced the institutional and political transformation of the Moskvophile (Russophile) movement in Eastern Galicia, Chełm Land, and Podlachia during the 1920s. The splits, separations, and emergence of new legal political entities within the reestablished Polish state did not escape the attention of Soviet diplomats and the USSR’s special services, who sought to exploit these processes of socio-political structuring both to exert a destabilizing influence on Polish state institutions and to oppose the legal Ukrainian national movement while also curbing the influence of Russian émigré structures with anti-Bolshevik orientations. It is worth noting that contradictions within the leadership of the newly formed “Sel-rob” party became increasingly irreconcilable, and on September11, 1927, the majority of former “Narodna Volia” members announced the formation of “Selrob-Left”, which in the following years played a key role in spreading Soviet influence in Western Ukraine.Документ Military Cantonists of the Russian Army in the First Quarter of the 19 th century(2025) Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych; Ячменіхін Костянтин МихайловичThe purpose of the article is an attempt to analyze the process of creating the institute of military cantonists of the Russian army, to trace the process of forming the legislative base and to establish their quantitative composition at the end of the first quarter of the 19th century. The main sources of the work were materials from the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive and a number of printed documents. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of scientific logic, objectivity, criticism and verification of sources. Among the basic methods of revealing the problem, one should mention the problem-chronological approach, historical-genetic and deductive methods, the method of analytical and comparative-historical typology. Scientific novelty of the work: for the first time in historiography, an attempt has been made to comprehensively analyze the reasons for the creation of the institute of cantonists of the Russian army, to highlight their legal status and calculate their number. Based on the analysis of the problem, the following conclusions can be drawn: various segments of the population of the empire were included in the category of military cantonists. Over time, they received a clear legislative basis. The establishment of this institution not only affected the size of the army reserve, the government had already begun to consider soldiers’ children as one of the sources of replenishing the army with educated soldiers, called upon to finally eliminate conscription.Документ Oral History Research in the Chernihiv Region and the Development of Memorial Tourism Amid the Ongoing Russian-Ukrainian War(Гельветика, 2025) Shcherbyna Svitlana Viktorivna; Щербина Світлана ВікторівнаThis article offers a comprehensive analysis of the role of oral history research in documenting the experience of the Russian-Ukrainian war in the Chernihiv region and its significance for the development of memorial tourism amid the ongoing full-scale conflict. The purpose of the research of the article is to examine the mechanisms for integrating oral history testimonies about the war events in the Chernihiv region into memorial tourism practices, as well as to determine the role of this interaction in preserving collective memory, strengthening local identity, and enhancing civic engagement. It also examines methodological and ethical aspects of recording wartime experiences, the representation of traumatic narratives in public space, and mechanisms for integrating oral history into memorial routes. The research methodology combines general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization) with those based on oral history, including the collection, transcription, and interpretation of individual eyewitness testimonies. The scientific noveltylies in the comprehensive analysis of the synergy between oral history research on wartime events in a specific region that experienced occupation (Chernihiv) and its direct application in the development of memorial tourism during an active phase of the conflict. For the first time, a critical perspective is offered on the integration of oral history into memorial tourism practices, focusing on the ethical and methodological challenges of documenting traumatic experiences. The study highlights the potential of oral history as a tool for consolidating nationalmemory, strengthening local identity, and effectively countering historical distortion—particularly relevant in the context of information warfare. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that oral testimonies serve as an invaluable source for reconstructing a comprehensive picture of the Russian-Ukrainian war in the Chernihiv region. Their integration into memorial routes and tourism initiatives has significant potential for preserving historical memory, reinforcing local identity, and encouraging civic engagement.Документ Participation of Women in the Management System in Spain During the Regime of F. Franco(Гельветика, 2025) Bachynska Yuliia; Бачинська ЮліяThe purpose of the article is to analyse the level of access of Spanish women to the system of governance and to highlight informal barriers to this access in the context of diminishing rightsand freedoms under Franco’s regime. The study of women’s participation in governance is part of a wider range of gender studies relating to the period of Franco’s dictatorship. The problem is relevant in view of the importance of studying the impact of gender stereotypes and prejudices on inequality of working conditions and pay, and opportunities for career advancement. The methodological basis of the study is based on the approaches of gender studies, political and social history. The following methods were used to accomplish the research objectives: diachronic, retrospective, and historical and genetic. The object of the study is gender inequality in Spain under the Franco regime. Despite the existence of extensive research on these issues, informalbarriers that prevent women from reaching the top of their careers remain insufficiently studied. The legal mechanisms for restricting women’s economic independence, participation in labour relations and access to prestigious positions also require more detailed research. The scientific novelty of the study is to generalise and systematise the mechanisms of building political, administrative and social barriers to women’s access to participation in labour and socio-political activities in Spain under the Franco regime. The article also highlights the influence of the official ideology of Francoism, the involvement of religious and social institutions in the formation of gender roles, their distribution and consolidation, the curtailment of the process of women’s emancipation and the establishment of a system of gender discrimination in the main spheres of public life. Conclusions.The socio-political system formed by Franco’s regime was institutionally based on patriarchal principles that limited women’s socio-political rights and their presence in public life, including in the public administration system. However, within the official discourse, specific forms of women’s involvement in phalangist structures, such as the «Women’s Section», were created. They played a supportive role in the social and educational spheres, which allowed for the instrumentalisation of women’s participation to deepen the indoctrination of the population. Some women held symbolic positions, but they were exceptions that proved the rule. It was only in the 1960s and 1970s, under the influence of liberalisation, that the first practical steps were taken to overcome gender inequality in the administrative sphere. The results of this analysis confirm the hypothesis that there are not only legislative but also informal barriers to women’s access to leadership positions within the framework of gender relations established by Franco’s regime.Документ Development of Local History Tourism in Chernihiv Region After 1991: Historical Background, Transformations and Challenges(Гельветика, 2025) Lozytskyi Oleksandr; Лозицький ОлександрThe purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the formation, development and transformation of local history tourism in the Chernihiv region after 1991, and to identify the historical, sociocultural and political factors that have influenced tourism activities in the region amid Ukraine’s independence, digitalization processes, and external aggression. Methodology. The research employs an interdisciplinary approach, combining historical-genetic, comparative-analytical, and problem-chronological methods. The analysis is based on primary sources such as official statistics, regional tourism development programs, museum and archival materials, as well as academic and local history publications. In order to highlight modernchallenges, elements of content analysis of digital tourism platforms and public reports from regional cultural authorities are used. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the comprehensive coverage of the stages of development of local history tourism in Chernihiv Oblast in the post-Soviet period –from the early initiatives of local heritage communities to its institutionalization through national reserves and tourism routes. For the first time in scholarly literature, the impact of external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale Russian invasion has been analyzed in relation to tourism infrastructure, including the destruction of heritage sites, the decline of visitor flows, and the increased importance of digital preservation and representation of historical memory. Conclusions. Chernihiv region is one of Ukraine’s richest territories in terms of historical and cultural heritage, maintaining tourism appeal even in times of crisis. The main stages of development include: the emergence of cultural and educational initiatives in the 19th century, mass school and trade union tourism in the Soviet era, post-Soviet commercialization, and the current digital transformation. Despite significant losses caused by war, the region retains a network of museums, reserves, and natural heritage sites, which may serve as a foundation for renewed routes, including memorial tourism. In the near future, key success factors will include the implementation of innovative digital navigation tools, the engagement of domestic tourists, and the development of partnerships between local communities and cultural institutions.Документ Sanitary Aspects of Water Supply in Poltava and Poltava Province in the Second Half of the 19th–Early 20th century: Medical knowledge, Legal Regulation and Socio-Economic Factors(Гельветика, 2025) Peshkov Dmytro; Пешков ДмитроPurpose of the study. The purpose of this research is to examine the development of sanitation in the field of water supply in Poltava and Poltava Governorate during the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. Particular attention is given to the role of physicians and medical societies in disseminating knowledge about waterborne infections, the preventive measures they proposed and implemented, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of existing sanitary legislation and administrative actions by local authorities. A significant part of the study is devoted to identifying the causes of water pollution and the economic and social factors that hindered consistent compliance with sanitary regulations.Methodology. The research is based on the combination of several historical approaches: the application of the microhistorical method to study specific cases of sanitary violations, actions of the authorities, and the reactions of the population; the use of the history of everyday life method, which allows tracing household practices in interaction with water sources and cultural perceptions water; critical analysis of sanitary legislation, government decrees, and administrative instructions; comparison of epidemiological statistics with documented violations and the level of hygienic culture during inter-epidemic periods. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historiography, sanitary aspects of water supply in Poltava and the Poltava region are comprehensively studied through the lens of the interaction between medical knowledge, physicians’ recommendations, administrative actions, and daily practices of the population. It is shown that even in the presence of scientific discoveries and regulatory acts, the implementation of sanitary measures was constrained by economic limitations, insufficient public education efforts, and entrenched traditional customs Conclusions. Physicians and medical societies attempted to introduce scientifically grounded measures (cleaning wells, restricting the use of water bodies for industrial purposes, boiling drinking water). However, the effectiveness of these actions was reduced due to a lack of resources, legislative shortcomings, and weak enforcement. During epidemic outbreaks, the authorities responded more actively, but systemic and consistent sanitary policy was never fully achieved.Документ The Depiction of the Holocaust in Danish Cinema: Fiction and Documentary Approaches(Гельветика, 2025) Pestova Dar’ia; Пестова Дар’яThe article explores the prospect of using cinema to form a collective memory of the Holocaust. Attention is focused on the example of Denmark, due to the significant number of documentaries and feature films on the issue, made in the country or partially funded by it. In the study of documentary and feature films on the Holocaust produced in Denmark, it is noted that the authors of the films focus on two key issues: the rescue of the Jewish population to Sweden in 1943 and the stay of Danish Jews in the Theresienstadt camp. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the reflection of the Holocaust in Danish cinema and to determine the specifics of the reproduction of the Holocaust in Danish cinema. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of objectivity, historicism, and systematicity, which are realized through the use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, and contextual analysis. Methods of historical, cultural, and cinematic analysis are used to study the depiction of the Holocaust in Danish cinema, as well as methods of interpreting feature films and documentaries to reveal the specifics of their depiction. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the comprehensive analysis of the Holocaust in Danish cinema through a comparison of fiction and documentary films. The study reveals for the first time the specifics of cinematic comprehension of this topic in the context of cultural and social conditions in Denmark. Conclusions. The results of the study allow us to conclude that cinema is a key tool for the formation of collective memory, which not only preserves history but also influences contemporary public perception of the Holocaust. Documentary films play an important role in reconstructing events and educating, while fiction films play an important role in creating an emotional connection between the viewer and the past. Thus, cinematic works contribute not only to preserving the memory of the Holocaust, but also to fostering social responsibility and awareness of the inadmissibility of discrimination in the modern world.Документ Analysis of the Activities of the Vice-Rectors of the Hlukhiv Pedagogical Institute Under the Rectorships of Mykola Velikolug and Leonid Gnatyuk(Гельветика, 2025) Valiukh Oleksandr; Валюх ОлександрThe purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the vice-rectors of the Hlukhiv Pedagogical Institute during the rectorships of Mykola Velykuluh (1980-1985) and Leonid Hnatyuk (1985-1990) and to create a prosopographic portrait of the leadership of the higher education institution. The basis of the source base of the article was the personal files of the vice-rectors, which are stored in the Departmental Archive of the Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University. To implement the purpose of the study, we used biographical, chronological methods, and the general scientific method of system analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the results of the created collective portrait of the rectors and vice-rectors of the Hlukhiv State Pedagogical Institute named after S. M. Sergeev-Tsensky Mykola Velykuluh and Leonid Hnatyuk, who worked alternately during the 1980s, have been introduced into scientific circulation. In the course of our research, we determined that thereis a continuity in their activities. This indicates the acquisition of experience and professional competence. That is, during the tenure of the rector L. Hnatyuk, the vice-rectorate was more stable. For the above reasons, the average age of vice-rectors at this time was also higher: 43.8years versus 40.2 years. Also, the indicator of highly qualified personnel in general in the period 1985-1990 was higher, as 80% versus 25%. In addition, the gender ratio was in favor of women during the rectorship of L.Hnatyuk. Conclusions. Thus, the comparative analysis conducted by us in this study and the created prosopographical and professional portrait of the vice-rectors of the Glukhiv State Pedagogical Institute helped us to better identify the features of the development of the higher education institution during the tenures of M.Velykoluh and L.Hnatyuk in the adjacent historical periods of the 1980s.Документ Formation and Development of Ukrainian-Italian Relations (Mid-17th - Early 21st Century)(2025) Cherkasov Oleksandr Oleksandrovych; Черкасов Олександр Олександрович; Bilichenko Lidiia; Біліченко ЛідіяThe article is devoted to the analysis of the study of Ukrainian-Italian relations from the 1650s to 2025. The aim of the work is a comprehensive study of Ukrainian-Italian relations in the political, economic, cultural and humanitarian spheres, from ancient times to the present day. To solve this problem, classical methods of historical science were applied – the principles of historicism, dialectics, systematics, which make it possible to study phenomena in the process of formation, formation and development, in an organic connection with the conditions that gave rise to them, the spirit of the time. The study is conducted taking into account the unity of internal and external, subjective and objective factors of the historical process. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of an analysis of the entire complex of sources used, taking into account existing scientific and research traditions. The scientific novelty. The study is the first attempt to comprehensively analyze a wide range of Ukrainian sources that reflect Italian-Ukrainian political and cultural contacts from the mid-17th century to the 21st century. Conclusions. The study showed the multifacetedness and depth of the issues related to the reflection of Ukrainian-Italian relations in sources of Ukrainian origin. Italian-Ukrainian contacts have a long history and date back to the times of the National Liberation War under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytsky to the present day. The most interesting example of political and economic communication is the opening of Italian consulates in the South of Ukraine in the second half of the 18th century, as well as the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Directorate of the UNR and Italy in 1919. A new stage in the development of interstate relations began with the founding of the Ukrainian SSR, when Italian consular representations were founded in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odessa. Despite the fact that during the Second World War, Soviet-Ukrainian-Italian relations were suspended for some time, they became quite active in the 1950s. Since the proclamation of Ukraine’s Independence, Italy has become an important economic partner, and since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, it has been actively providing assistance with weapons.Документ The Soft Power Policy of the Republic of Korea:Geopolitical Opportunities and Consequences(2025) Fedoriv Iryna; Федорів ІринаThe purpose of the article is to analyze the key aspects of geopolitical opportunities and consequences of the ‘soft power’ policy of the Republic of Korea, being actively implemented by the country in recent decades. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematicity. General scientific methods (generalization, analysis, synthesis, concretization) and special historical methods (problematic-chronological, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-typological) are used. The scientific novelty lies in the attempt to give an objective assessment of the ‘soft power’ policy of the Republic of Korea, outlining the achievements and prospects for its further implementation based on the analysis of modern foreign historiography and sources, and clarifying the country’s international policy strategy in the context of current geopolitical challenges and transnational threats. Conclusions. The Republic of Korea is one of the countries that attempt to make its values universally accepted through the policy of ‘soft power’ as well as the cultural and intellectual potential of the nation, in which it has achieved serious success in recent decades. It is proved that the ‘Korean wave’ (Hallyu) as part of the soft power approach had a positive impact on encouraging Korean cultural diplomacy. The Republic of Korea has clearly demonstrated the importance of soft resources and is increasing investments in their development every year through systematic national efforts. In the case of South Korea, such large companies as Samsung, Hyundai, and LG have successfully shown that soft power can be linked to the economy. The ‘Korean Wave’ has provided the country with a serious financial resource in various categories, such as animation, broadcasting, cartoons, games, cinema, music and TV series, fashion, and cosmetics. Economic success in one sector has led to improvements in others. The Republic of Korea has offered a new model of what an Asian country could look like in the 21st century: an advanced economy, democratic, technologically innovative, and culturally vibrant. It is with these resources that the country has successfully learned to persuade and ‘capture’ the world. Мета статті – проаналізувати ключові аспекти геополітичних можливостей та наслідків політики «м’якої сили» Республіки Корея, активно впроваджуваної країною в останні десятиліття. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на принципах історизму, об’єктивності, системності. Застосовано загальнонаукові (узагальнення, аналізу, синтезу, конкретизації) та спеціально-історичні (проблемно-хронологічний, історико-генетичний, історико-порівняльний, історико-типологічний) методи. Наукова новизна полягає у спробі дати об’єктивну оцінку політики «м’якої сили» Республіки Корея, окресливши здобутки й перспективи її подальшої реалізації на основі аналізу сучасної зарубіжної історіографії та джерел, з’ясуванні стратегії міжнародної політики країни у контексті сучасних геополітичних викликів та транснаціональних загроз. Висновки. Республіка Корея належить до країн, які прагнуть зробити свої цінності загальноприйнятими за допомогою політики «м’якої сили», культурного та інтелектуального потенціалу нації, у чому за останні десятиріччя вона досягла серйозних успіхів. Доведено, що «Корейська хвиля» (Халлю) як частина підходу «м’якої сили» мала позитивний вплив для заохочення корейської культурної дипломатії. Республіка Корея наочно продемонструвала важливість м’яких ресурсів та з кожним роком збільшує інвестиції в їх розвиток через системні національні зусилля. У випадку Південної Кореї такі великі компанії, як Samsung, Hyundai, LG успішно показують, що «м’яка сила» може бути пов’язана з економікою. «Корейська хвиля» забезпечила країну серйозним фінансовим ресурсом у різних категоріях, таких як мультиплікація, радіомовлення, мультфільм, ігри, кінематограф, музика і телесеріали, мода, косметика. Економічний успіх в одному секторі призвів до покращення в інших. Республіка Корея запропонувала нову модель того, як може виглядати азійська країна у 21 ст.: з передовою економікою, демократичною, технологічно інноваційною та культурно яскравою. Саме цими ресурсами країна успішно навчилася переконувати та «захоплювати» світ.