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Документ The Manuscript of V. M. Khyzhniakov ‘on the Revision of Villages in Certain Uezds of Chernigov Governance in 1888’ as a source from the History of Zemstvo Liberalism in Northern Ukraine (80s of the 19th century)(2024) Kotelnytskyi Nazar Anatoliiovych; Котельницький Назар АнатолійовичThe purpose of the study. The purpose of the publication is to introduce the found author’s work of V.Khyzhnyakov and its content analysis into the international scientific circulation. Work methodology. When writing the article, general scientific (methods of synthesis and analysis, deduction and induction) and special-historical (critical, problem-chronological methods, content analysis) research methodology was used, which in general ensured the achievement of the tasks set in the publication. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science, an analysis of the author’s manuscript of a member of the opposition aristocratic front of northern Ukraine, the mayor of Chernihiv V.Khyzhnyakov ‘About the revision of volosts in some counties of Chernihiv province in 1888’ was carried out. The author came to the conclusion that the researched work is an important source from the history of the Zemstvo liberal movement in the north of the Left Bank of Ukraine, which illustrates the ideological imperatives of ascetic practical activity of the Zemstvo liberal party of the Northern Left Bank. The conducted content analysis of the manuscript shows that it contains generalizations of a conceptual nature that reflect the main intentions of the social and economic program of the Zemstvo liberal movement, once again proving that the studied trend in the liberation movement of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19thcenturyhad a self-sufficient and very promising vision of the future of the Russian Empire. The study of this topic will allow domestic historiography to significantly increase its achievements in the matter of forming a doctrinal vision of a large-scale liberation movement in the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19thcentury.Документ Evolution of Forms and Methods of Conducting Military and Armed Conflicts in the 20th–21st centuries(2024) Krupenia Iryna Mykolaivna; Крупеня Ірина Миколаївна; Кармазін Станіслав; Karmazin StanislavThe article is devoted to the study of the forms and methods of conducting military and armed conflicts during the 20th- 21stcenturies. The main approaches to the study of wars and military conflicts and the role of international organizations in their settlement are analysed. Newchallenges in warfare are explored, including cyber-attacks, hybrid threats, and information warfare. Based on the analysis of historical events and modern trends, the prospects for the development of wars and conflicts in the future are predicted, in particular regarding the situationin Ukraine and other hot spots of the world. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the evolution of military conflicts in order to develop effective strategies for ensuring international security and preventing future conflicts.The goal of the articleis to study the forms and methods of conducting military and armed conflicts in the 20th-21st centuries.The methodology of the study is based on the principles of scientificity, systematicity and objectivity with the use of general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, systematic analysis and generalization, comparison.The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that on the basis of state reports, materials of international mass media and resolutions of world organizations, monographs and scientific articles, the authors analysed the forms and methods of conducting military and armed conflicts in the 20th- 21stcenturies and identified a number of key trends and characteristics that have important for understanding the current geopolitical situation and predicting future challenges in the field of international security.Conclusions. The study revealed key trends in the evolution of military conflicts: increasing complexity and multidimensionality, impact of technological progress, emergence of new forms of confrontation (hybrid wars, cyber conflicts). Further hybridization of conflicts, growing role of technologies and information warfare are predicted. An integrated approach considering military, technological, social and economic factors is necessary for effective prevention and resolution of future conflicts.Документ Ukrainian Peasantry of the 19th century in the materials of the County Court: the Micro-Historical Dimension in the Context of Everyday Life(2024) Kuznets Tetiana Volodymyrivna; Кузнець Тетяна ВолодимирівнаThe object of the article is to systematically highlight the materials of the court archive of one of the largest districts of Kyiv province, namely Uman district, in particular the court cases in which peasants were involved.These materials complement the concept of everyday Ukrainian peasantry in the 19thcentury. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific principles of historicism, objectivity and a systematic approach in the analysis of historical sources, which are used in this article.Such special historical methods as descriptive, problem-chronological, historical-systemic and heuristic ones have proven to be effective. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the materials of the judicial and investigative practice of Uman County Court were used to highlight such an aspect of everyday Ukrainian peasantry as crimes and punishments.Chronological and thematic systematization of court cases in which peasants were involved showed a quantitative superiority of cases about abuse of peasants, peculiar forms of peasant protest in the form of escapes from serf owners and deviant acts in the pre-reform years.Dissatisfaction with the agrarian reform of 1861 created the basis for the deviant behavior of peasants in the everyday life of the post-reform years.Conclusions.During the functioning of Uman County Court (1800-1872), 1,817 cases were postponed in its archive, 269 of which are the materials of court proceedings on the claims of peasants or their prosecution.Most of the court cases date back to the pre-reform years and contain evidence of social tension in the villages.But the agrarian reform of 1861, despite its positive aspects, did not eliminate the reasons for such tension even in the post-reform era.In the everyday life of the peasantry of the first half of the 19thcentury, there was abuse of landowners, housekeepers and estate managers, which served as a reason for peasants to run away, commit suicide, commit crimes, and deviant behavior in everyday life.The materials of the district court’s judicial and investigative practice show that wealthy peasants appealed to the court regarding the purchase of land plots. The abolition of serfdom and the gaining of personal freedom by the peasants did not relieve social tension, and in the everyday life of the peasantry, illegal actions took place as a manifestation of despair, rudeness and violence.Документ Study of the Kuzemin Fortification of the Bilsk Settlement Using LIDAR(2024) Korotia Oleksii; Коротя ОлексійThe article is devoted to the history of research and interpretation of the Kuzemynske fortification of the Bilsk settlement. This part of the fortifications is located in the northeastern part of the settlement and is the most affected by economic activity. The development of the settlement and uncontrolled clay extraction near the ramparts distorted the surrounding landscape so much that it is sometimes difficult to determine whether the researcher is looking at the remains of quarry dumps or an archaeological site.Kuzemynske fortification has a long history of research and its existence was not questioned for almost a hundred years, until Poltava archaeologist P.Havrysh, a native of Bilsk village, drew attention to it. He expressed doubts about its existence and published his findings in a professional journal. This gave rise to a discussion about the existence of the Kuzemyn fortification, which continues to this day. One of the problems that complicated the resolution of this scientific discussion was the lack of a clear and understandable topographical plan of the northern part of the Bilsk settlement. This was facilitated by the peculiarity of the site’s location on the territory of two regions. The territory of the Poltava region was regularly surveyed by specialists of numerous archaeological expeditions from Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Poltava, while the part of the territory of the Sumy region remained unexplored for a long time.In order to solve the problem of the presence of this defensive structure, in 2007 the staff of the Bilsk Conservation Area conducted explorations in the north-eastern, Sumy, part of the Bilsk settlement. As a result, they discovered a fragment of a rampart and a ditch, the direction of whichgenerally coincided with the drawings made by previous researchers, but there were no archaeological finds that would allow for reliable dating of these defences. In 2014, a joint expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (headed by D.Hrechko) and the Bilsk Reserve, with the participation of students from Sumy Pedagogical University, carried out a full section of the rampart and ditch. However, this result again did not satisfy P.Havrysh, who criticised the research methodology and interpretation of the results. To finally solve the problem, the essence of which lies in the subjective perception of a topographically complex area, it is necessary to use methods and equipment that will allow solving a set of tasks: to fix the passage of the line of the Kuzemin fortification in relation to the Great Wall of the Bilsk settlement, as well as its connection with the surrounding relief. These issues can be solved by using LIDAR surveying.Документ Eastern Europe Before and After The Global Economic Crisis of 1900-1903(2024) Ilkin Zulfuhar Mustafaiev; Ількін Зульфугар МустафаєвThe purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of the economic crisis of 1900-1903 on Eastern Europe, identify common and specific features of the crisis in different regions, and assessthe long-term consequences for economic development, social sphere, and political processes. This period marked one of the first major global economic disruptions of the 20thcentury, with implications that influenced economic policies and practices for decades. The methodological basisof the study was the application of historical and economic analysis, comparative analysis and review of the latest studies related to economic crises. The focus is on analyzing the economic conditions in Eastern Europe before and after the crisis, as well as the impact on industrial and agricultural sectors, financial systems, and social spheres. Key variables such as production dynamics, international trade, price changes, and employment rates are examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the crisis’s multifaceted effects. The study also considers the varying degrees of economic development across countries to highlight commonalities and differences in their experiences and responses.The novelty of this research lies in the comparative analysis of the crisis’s impact on different Eastern European countries, identifying both common and divergent features in the crisis’s manifestation and consequences. This approach deepens the understanding of how regional and national characteristics influenced the crisis’s severity and outcomes. Furthermore, the research examines the effectiveness of different economic policies and stabilization measures adopted in response, providing insights into the resilience and adaptability of their economic systems. Conclusions. The economic crisis of 1900-1903 significantly impacted Eastern Europe, affecting various aspects of their economies. The crisis revealed structural problems, common traits, and specific features that defined events in each country. It highlighted the need for structural reforms and modernization to prevent similar crises and ensure sustainable economic growth. Long-term consequences included shifts towards more regulated economic relationships and increased government intervention. The analysis underscores the importance of learning from past disruptions to build resilient economic systems capable of withstanding future global shocks. Understanding the historical and economic contexts that shaped these experiences can help policymakers develop strategies to manage and mitigate future crises.Документ Archaeological Research of Ancient Rus Settlements 10-13 Centuries in the Territory of the Slovechansk-Ovruch Region(2024) Khadadova Maryna Volodymyrivna; Хададова Марина ВолодимирівнаThe article highlights the history of research on the peculiarities of the settlement structure of the Ancient Rus period on the territory of a unique natural formation – the Slovechansk-Ovruch ridge, located in the north of the Zhytomyr region.The purpose of the article: to analyze the stages of research of ancient Rus objects that had special conditions of development during the 10-13centuries.The methodological basis of the research is the principle of scientificity, methods of empirical and theoretical research.Scientific novelty: for the first time, information on the study of ancient Russian settlements, which arose and developed in specific economic conditions during the 10-13centuries,was analyzed and systematized.Conclusions. In addition to good fertile soils and a favorable climate for agriculture, the territory of the Ovruch Ridge also attracted people with deposits of pink pyrophyllite slates. Mining, processing and manufacturing of things from it become the main occupation of the local the Ancient Rus population. A unique settlement structure is formed on the territory of the ridge, which traditionally consists of a settlement, a post, open settlements and burial grounds. But the peculiarity is that open settlements have a large area, they can conditionally be combined into agglomerations. Also, the settlements are specialized, their population is closely related to the development of pyrophyllite deposits, its extraction, processing, and transportation are the main occupations of the ancient Rus population of the Ovruch Ridge. Ancient Rus on the specified territory were destroyed for a long time, but from the end of the 9thcentury they began to be discovered and recorded by scientists. During the entire 20thcentury the sights of the region were examined by archaeologists, but no research was carried out. only from the end of the 20thcentury. The Ovruch archaeological expedition started working in the region, which discovered unique sights - specialized settlements with a rich cultural layer. But the archaeological sites of the region also require protection. The activities of the employees of the Ovruch archaeological expedition within the framework of the ‘Ovruch project’ created for the study and protection of the monuments of the former Ovruch volost are aimed at this.Документ Тhe Kuris Family: a Genealogical Aspect(2024) Kondratiuk Valerii Serhiiovych; Кондратюк Валерій СергійовичThe purpose of the article. Based on the analysis of the political, socio-economic, and cultural development of Southern Ukraine at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, to study the genealogy of the Kuris family, the peculiarities of their activity and role in society, the heredity of their family traditions that influenced the development of the region.The methodological basis of the research was the principles of objectivity, historicism and systematicity with the use of general scientific research methods – analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy, periodization and generalization.The scientific novelty of this article is due to the fact that, for the first time, a comprehensive study of the genealogy of the Kuris family at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 20th centuries, aspects of their military and civil service, cultural and educational activities, and the family’s contribution to the formation of the historical heritage of Southern Ukraine are carried out.Conclusions. During the research, it was found that each generation of the family was represented by a historical figure who played one or another role in the historical process of Ukraine during the late 18th and early 20th centuries. A characteristic feature or phenomenon of the Kuris family can be called the desire of its representatives to be always at the responsible links of the military, socio-economic and cultural development of their country.The best representatives of the Kuris family were not only prominent military or public figures, businessmen, patrons, but also people with deep humanistic consciousness. Their family relationships, private life and public activities testify to the unique character and extraordinary role of the Kuris family in the history of Southern Ukraine.The Kuris belonged to large landowners. This allowed them to develop the main branches of agriculture and certain areas of industrial production related to it.Charity and education were important areas for the Kuris family, through which they, like other nobles, tried to establish themselves as the advanced state of society. They occupied a decisive place in the cultural development of the province.Документ The Historical discourse in the Strategy and Practice of Foreign Policy of Ukraine(2024) Makliuk Olha Mykolaivna; Маклюк Ольга Миколаївна; Fatiukha Yaroslava; Фатюха ЯрославаThe article aims to analyze the correlation of the ideological context of historical narratives and memorial discourse with the national strategy and foreign policy practices in a historical retrospective, using Ukraine as a case study. Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the changes in the use of historical narrative in Ukraine’s national strategy and some practices of Ukraine’s foreign policy; it examines the most important topics of historical memorial discourse since 2014, when Ukraine chose the Euro-Atlantic geopolitical vector and claimed its historical affinity with European countries. Conclusions. The way the past is represented is crucial for Ukraine in the process of forming a modern nation. The article emphasizes the importance of considering Ukraine’s historical policy and representations of the past, both in the international arena while preserving the country’s ethnocultural basis, and in incorporating Ukraine’s historical past into the European historical narrative. The article notes that historical discourse changed with Ukraine’s shift towards European and Euro-Atlantic integration, disrupting Russia’s geopolitical strategy and leading to open expansion. The article has identified that among the narratives that aimed to prove Ukraine’s historical proximity to European countries and/or historical/mental/cultural differences with Russia and reinforced the Euro-Atlantic geopolitical choice, in addition to those already traditionally analysed by researchers, are the issues of (1)the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921 was a manifestation of the struggle for independence and unity of Ukraine, continuation of the traditions of national statehood; (2)condemnation of the crimes of the communist totalitarian regime, primarily the demand for recognition of the Holodomor of 1932-1933, as a systematic act of genocide against Ukrainians committed by the leadership of the Soviet Union.The article has noted the presence of controversial historical themes and figures such as the image of Stepan Bandera and the activities of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the danger of using issues of national memory in information propaganda in the international arena.Документ Fortresses of Left-Bank Ukraine as a Raw Material Base for Saltpeter Mining in the 18 Century(2024) Osadchyi Yevhen Mykolaiovych; Осадчий Євген МиколайовичThe article is devoted to the study of the history of saltpeter mining on the territory of the Left Bank of Ukraine and the fate of the earth defense structures of the Cossack fortresses in this process. Nitrate production in the territory of the Left Bank of Ukraine was a fairly widespread industry. The development of artillery and firearms in early modern armies was one of the reasons for the increase in saltpeter production. In the 17thcentury, mounds of barrows and ramparts of ancient fortifications were used for its extraction, where saltpeter was naturally concentrated. Butthis method depended on the coincidence of many factors. From the second half of the 17thcentury on the territory of the Hetman Oblast and the Slobozhan Oblast, the on-board method of saltpeter mining is increasingly spreading. The appearance of saltpeter plants, which worked with artificial edges, greatly simplified the process of saltpeter production, but also required finding places for their location. At this time, saltpeter workers paid attention to the abandoned fortresses built in the 17thcentury, which had a convenient location and soil reserves for the construction of artificial banks.During the 18thcentury, the role of fortresses in the defense of Left Bank Ukraine is gradually changing. At the beginning of the century, they were an important component of defense, but over time their influence gradually decreases. Some of them are falling into disrepair, and the rest are turning into rural settlements. The territory of the abandoned fortresses was a convenient location for saltpeter workshops, and the defensive structures served as a raw material base for saltpeter mining. If in the first half of the 18thcentury the hetman’s administration followed the preservation of fortresses, then in the second half of the century this process became widespread even without the restoration of the ramparts. The final destruction of defensive structures by saltpeter’s took place at the end of the century and was connected with the re-planning of cities.Документ The Daily Activities of the Istanbul Platform Members in 1929-1935(2024) Vovchuk Liudmyla Anatoliivna; Вовчук Людмила АнатоліївнаThe daily activities of the members of the illegal residency of the UPR Central Committee in exile ‘Istanbul Platform’ during 1929-35 consisted of various aspects: domestic, social, and public. However, a red thread through the daily life of representatives of the Ukrainian political emigration in Istanbul was intelligence work, which still impresses researchers not only with the ambitiousness of intentions, plans, and tasks, but also with the professionalism and skill of their implementation. Especially given the fact that none of the members of the residency had previously been a professional intelligence officer and had no previous practical experience in the special services. Being under the close supervision of Soviet agents, without funding and the necessary means, without permanent and reliable channels of communication with their curators, members of the Istanbul Platform had to not only integrate into the life of the local community in Istanbul, establish their daily routine, and not cause discontent with the Turkish migration service, but alsocarry out intelligence, educational and propaganda activities. Every day, they resorted to new, creative methods; they used all available opportunities and skills in confronting Soviet agents.The goal of the article is to highlight the daily activities of the members of the Istanbul Platform during this period. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of the specific historical approach, historical-comparative and historical-typological methods, methods of comprehensiveness, systematicity, integrity, synthesis, analysis and objectivity.The scientific novelty of the publication is the generalisation of the researched aspects of the daily activities of the members of the Istanbul Platform in 1929-35.Conclusions. The daily activities of the members of the Istanbul Platform from the moment of its opening to the termination of its functioning were focused on a number of domestic, social and public aspects. Among them was intelligence activity, which, despite a number of obstacles, was carried out at a high level. Ensuring the functioning of the Istanbul Platform, its members shaped the continuity of historical state-building processes up to the present day.Документ Archaeological Research of the Late Bronze Age – Early Iron Agesettlements on the Left bank of the Middle Reaches of the Vorskla River in 2023(2023) Shaporda Oleh Mykolaiovych; Шапорда Олег Миколайович; Буйнов Юрій Володимирович; Buinov Yurii Volodymyrovych; Пеляшенко Костянтин Юрійович; Peliashenko Kostiantyn YuriiovychThe article presents the results of research conducted by the expedition of the Historical and Cultural Reserve‘Bilsk’ at archaeological sites along the left bank of the Vorskla River in 2023 (Kotelva territorial community, Poltava district, Poltava region). The work was carried out as part of a scholarship program from the Deutsche Archaeological Institute.The purpose of this article is to highlight information about the research of the monuments of the end of the Bronze Age-Early Iron Age on the left bank of the middle course of the Vorskla River in 2023.It was found out that the cultural layerings recorded during exploration along the left bank of the Vorskla are newly discovered settlements. Information about them is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.The publication pays special attention to the settlement of Staryi Karier, whose cultural layers date back to the end of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Several finds of the post-Mongolian period and the Modern era were also discovered on the territory of the settlement. An important aspect of the research is the analysis of the coexistence and interpenetration of two archaeological cultures of the final stage of the Bronze Age – Lebedivka and Bondarykha.A small excavation was also made at the KotelvaII settlement. It was a relative surprise for the researchers to discover cultural layers of the Late Roman period belonging to the Cherniakhiv culture. This moment opens up some new perspectives for further research of this settlement, in particular, along the terrace's supra-slopeof the Vorskla River.Exploration work along the left bank of the Vorskla River also yielded good results. In particular, it was possible to identify a settlement of the Babyno culture and several small settlements of the Bronze Age.Документ Educational Institutions at Kyiv Eparchy Monasteries Between the 19th аnd Early 20th centuries(2024) Chuchalin Oleksandr; Чучалін ОлександрThe article explores the establishment and activities of educational institutions within Kyiv eparchy monasteries from the second half of the 19thcentury to the early 20thcentury. A detailed analysis of relevant sources shows that this period marked the peak of activity for various monastic educational institutions, which emerged as significant socio-cultural centres for the Orthodox Church in Ukraine.The article aims to investigate educational activities of Kyiv eparchy monasteries from the second half of the 19thcentury to the early 20thcentury, focusing on the establishment and activities of various types of educational institutions associated with them. The research is methodologically grounded in the principles of scientific rigour and historicism, using general scientific methods of empirical and theoretical investigation. It allows for a specific historical approach to understanding educational activities of Kyiv eparchy monasteries during the designated period.The scientific novelty of this research lies in its first-ever analysis and systematization of information about educational activities of Kyiv eparchy monasteries, drawing on both archival and published sources. The research delves into the efforts to establish and organize various types of educational institutions affiliated with these monasteries, as well as examines the social composition of the student body.Conclusions. The research into the problem in question reveals that within the Kyiv eparchy from the late 19th to the early 20thcenturies, various educational institutions were established: parish schools, parish schools with craft and needlework departments, literacy schools, church-teacher schools and theological colleges. These institutions were primarily funded by the monasteries themselves, while tuition fees were only charged to children from prosperous families. Most students came from orphanages or impoverished backgrounds. The educational facilities were housed in both newly constructed buildings and monastery spaces adapted for educational purposes, complete with dining facilities and student accommodations. Alongside academic instruction, these monastic educational institutions offered well-structured vocational training.Документ Hlodosy Member of the UPR Feodosii Molodovanenko: Interwar Markers of Volyn Life(2024) Davydiuk Ruslana Petrivna; Давидюк Руслана Петрівна; Marchenko Yaroslav Viktorovych; Марченко Ярослав ВікторовичThe goal of the research is to restore the historical memory of an unknown to the general public participant in the insurgency, a scribe of the Grassroots Zaporozhians kuren of the 1st Zaporizhzhia Division of the UPR Army, awarded the Simon Petliura Cross, a native of the Hlodosy town, Yelisavethrad district, Kherson province, Feodosii Moldovanenko. The authors analysed the main periods of his military and public life, in particular as a political emigrant in Volyn Polissya, which was part of the Second Polish Republic.The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, and verification. The problem-search, structural-systemic, chronological, comparative and biographical methods, as well as the method of local history, were important. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of the first discovered, processed and verified declassified documents from the archives of the Soviet special services, in particular,the archival criminal file (ACF) on Feodosii Moldovanenko. The combination of the ACF with other archival documents and materials from the periodicals of the time allowed us to reconstruct his military and public activities during the Ukrainian Revolution and the interwar period.Conclusions. The article traces the position of Feodosii Moldovanenko during the Ukrainian Revolution as a participant in the insurgency, a scribe of the 14thRegiment of the Grassroots Cossacks of the 5thPeasant Division, later the kuren of the Grassroots Cossacks of the 1st Zaporizhzhia Division of the UPR Army, and highlights the period of his internment in the Pikulichi and Vadovice camps. The circumstances of emigration to Poland, settlement in Volyn Polissya, and public activity in the interwar period are revealed. The article summarises information about the environment of the UPR members who were natives of Hlodosy and lived as political emigrants in Sarny and Kostopil districts. The authors reconstructed the work of F.Moldovanenko as an activist of the «Prosvita in Polissya», a member of the Sarny branch of the Ukrainian Central Committee in Poland. The authors outline his reaction to the Holodomor tragedy in Soviet Ukraine, as well as his cooperation with the UPR intelligence, which formed control and reconnaissance points in the Volyn-Polish borderland. The circumstances of Feodosii Moldovanenko’s arrest by the NKVD, his conviction and death in a camp are clarified. A separate storyline of the research article is the family (parents, sisters) and marital (wife, adopted son) life of F.Moldovanenko.Документ Key Aspects of the Administrative and Managerial Structure of the GCC Galician Metropolis in the Interwar Period(2024) Hrabets Yuliia; Грабець ЮліяThe goal of the study is to analyze the structural organization of the Greek Catholic Church, to determine the position and functional characteristics of its staff in the interwar period in Eastern Galicia.The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specialhistorical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic) methods were used.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the stated topic and the introduction of archival materials into scientific circulation, which makes it possible to clarify the main functions of the structural units of the administrative and managerial apparatus of the Galician Metropolis of the GCC in the interwar period.Conclusions. The GCC functioned on most of the territories where ethnic Ukrainians of Eastern Galicia lived in the interwar period, as evidenced by the number of dioceses. In total, in 1925-1928, 128 deaneries operated as part of the Lviv Archdiocese, the dioceses of Przemysl, and Stanisławów. As of the 1930s, there were 2366 parishes, 3039 churches, and 1940 priests within thesethree administrative units, serving 3million believers. The link between the parish priest and the bishopric was the dean, who controlled and regulated the parish’s activities through councils and visits. One parish priest could be responsible for 2-3 of the village, over which he provided pastoral care and cultural and educational work. The large amount of work in the parishes and the care of the parish prompted the top leadership of the Church to develop and establish a system of cooperation. A system of vacations and retreats was in place for the spiritual renewal of the clergy. In general, the functioning of the GCC was effective due to a well-established system of communication at all levels of the church organization.Документ Political Practices and Experiments of Ethnic Separation of Ukrainians of the Carpathian Region in the 1930s(2024) Kostiuchok Petro Leontiiovych; Костючок Петро ЛеонтійовичThe goal of the work is to analyze political practices and experiments of ethnic separation of Ukrainians of the Carpathian region in the 1930s in the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The methodology is based on the use of general scientific and special historical methods. Based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, critical evaluation of sources, methods of analysis and synthesis, ethnological methods are widely used in the research: comparative-historical, analytical-typological.Scientific novelty. On the basis of domestic and foreign archival sources and scientific literature, an attempt was made to substantiate the peculiarities of Polish ethnopolitics regarding the separation of Hutsuls, Lemkos, and Boykos as representatives of separate regional nations/ethnic groups from Ukrainians with the aim of their separation, assimilation, and denationalization.Conclusions. In the 1930s, the state ethnopolitics of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was aimed at building the loyalty of representatives of national minorities to Polish statehood, denying and eradicating any manifestations of Ukrainianness. The strengthening of the policy of state separation and assimilation was facilitated by the adoption of laws, the formation of associations, and the promotion of scientific theories of the ethnic separateness of the Ukrainian population of the Carpathian region. The bright identity of the Ukrainian culture of the mountain population of the Carpathians was emphasized by the Poles in order to separate them from the Ukrainian people. The Society of Friends of Hutsul Region, the Society for the Development of Eastern Lands, the Union of the Farm Nobility, and the Apostolic Administration of Lemkiv Region were important tools for the practical implementation of the policy of regionalism. The activism of the Polish authorities regarding the denationalization of the Carpathian Ukrainians mobilized the Ukrainian political leadership to socio-political opposition, the development of its own national position by conducting public and political work on the ground, intensifying the activity of national cultural and educational societies, holding patriotic events and alternative holidays.Документ Yosyp Rozhnovskyі: a Biographical Dossier(2024) Kushch Yaroslav Mykolaiovych; Кущ Ярослав Миколайович; Olitskyi Viacheslav Oleksandrovych; Оліцький В'ячеслав ОлександровичThe article, based on archival sources, highlights the biography of the educator, one of the first leaders of the Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S.Makarenko, Yosyp Rozhnovskyi. The goal of the article is to provide a comprehensive coverage of the biography of Y.Rozhnovskyі, a manager and teacher, and to identify promising areas for further research.The scientificnovelty of this article lies in the fact that the biography of Y.Rozhnovskyі became the object of a separate scientific study for the first time. Particular attention is focused on the ‘Sumy period’ of Y.Rozhnovskyіʼs life (1925, 1933-1941), when he headed the Sumy Higher Three-Year Pedagogical Courses (early July 1925), Sumy Pedagogical College (July – October 1925), worked as a lecturer at the Sumy Pedagogical Institute (September 1933 – July 1934) and taught at the Sumy Machine-Building College (September 1937 – September 1941), the horizontal connections of the studied figure in the field of pedagogical education of the USSR of the 1920s – 1930s are revealed. The portrait photo of Y.Rozhnovskyі is published for the first time.The methodologicalbasis of the study is based on the biographical method, using the principles of scientific objectivism, historicism, and consistency using general scientific methods of synthesis, analysis, and generalization.Conclusions: The analysis of the available source base allowed us to cover the life and activities of Y.Rozhnovskyi until September 1941. The pedagogical and managerial activities in the ‘Sumy period’ (1925, 1933-1941) are analyzed in detail. In the general context of the biography, the period of his work as the head of the Sumy Pedagogical College and teaching at the Sumy Pedagogical Institute is highlighted.Документ Hillforts of the Southern Sivershchyna in Legends and Folk Memory(2024) Osadchyi Yevhen Mykolaiovych; Осадчий Євген МиколайовичThe goal of the study is to analyze the legends and tales associated with the hillforts of the Southern Sivershchyna and to highlight the historical component in the described events. The research methodology is represented by: the principle of historicism, the systemic approach, the methods of logic and grouping, the comparative-historical and problem-chronological principles.Tales and legends were recorded by historians and archaeologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries during explorations and excavations. The legends associated with the hillforts are quite diverse in their plots. The vast majority of them are related to a great treasure guarded by a powerful, often evil, force. Such legends describe conditions, often difficult, that make it impossible for seekers to fulfill them. Another story involves robbers and their loot, which they buried but left behind for some reason. These treasures also have a spell or are hidden at a very considerable depth. According to the local people, it is often a high rampart of a settlement. Legends associated with certain historical figures or events can be distinguished separately. They often intertwine a variety of plots, and historical figures from different times are the heroes of one legend. Sometimes the protagonists are representatives of a particular nation, such as the Tatars or Swedes, without specifying their names or time. The vast majority of legends with a clear and complete plot were recorded in the first quarter of the twentieth century by archaeologists during exploration. Their recording was one of the prerequisites in the developed methodological recommendations of the NAC.Документ Ukrainian Constituent in the Establishment of the Orthodox Church in Poland in the 1920’s(2024) Pavlenko Anton Oleksandrovych; Павленко Антон ОлександровичThe article analyzes the process of formation of the Orthodox Church in Poland and the contribution of Metropolitan George (Jaroszewski) to it. The process of obtaining the Tomos on the autocephaly of the Polish Church and its significance for Ukrainian Orthodoxy is characterized.The goal of the work is to highlight the Ukrainian component in the development of the Orthodox Church in Poland in 1920.The methodological basis of research is the principles developed by the ‘Annals’ school, in particular, objective neutrality in judgments about the past, the desire to understand the mentality of social groups of that time, first of all the clergy, the specifics of their relationships. In theresearch process, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative and descriptive methods of cognition were applied.The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that, on the basis of archival and published sources, the understanding of the national identification of the clergy and believers, thecontinuity of the church-liberation process, the evolution of the Ukrainian national-church movement in Poland in the 1920’s–1930’s, in particular in Volyn, has been deepened.Conclusions. After the First World War, the Ukrainian population had a significant influence on the formation and further development of the Orthodox Church in Poland, as it formed the majority of the autocephalous church. The majority of the Polish Church consisted of Ukrainian believers living on the territory of Volyn. The need to have their own church separated from the Russian center was the need of both the Polish authorities and part of the church members. The process of organization and formation of the autocephalous church was started by a Ukrainian –Metropolitan George (Jaroszewski), who laid the foundation for the organization of the church in Poland and its subsequent acquisition of autocephaly.The official acquisition of autocephalous status by the Polish Church took place through the Synodal Tomos of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. This document is important for Ukrainian Orthodoxy, because it recognizes the invalidity of the transfer of the Kyiv Metropolitanate to the Moscow Patriarchate in 1686. The attitude of the Ukrainian population to the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Poland was an important aspect for its declaration. Ukrainians associated with autocephaly the possibility of conducting religious services and religious education in churches and schools in the Ukrainian language and opening the access of clergy and laity to church administration.Документ Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments in the Conditions of War: the Role of Institutions of General Secondary Education(2024) Prokopchuk Viktor; Прокопчук Віктор; Hrytsenko Andriy; Гриценко АндрійThe goal of the work is to analyze the historical experience of preservation of monuments of history and culture in the conditions of war by teachers and students of institutions of general secondary education.The scientific novelty of this article is due to the fact that for the first time the study and presentation of the historical experience of preserving monuments of history and culture in general is carried out with a focus on the need to strengthen this work by history teachers, class teachers and students in cooperation with local historians of institutions of general secondary education precisely in conditions of the Russo-Ukrainian war.Methodology. In the process of working on the topic, biographical and chronological methods of historical research and the general scientific method of systematic analysis were used in the course of monument protection works and perpetuating the memory of the heroes who died in the war in order to create a collective portrait within the framework of the development of school local history.Conclusions. In the course of the research, it was found that a valuable experience of memorial protection work and the perpetuation of the historical memory of the heroes - defenders of the Motherland, who died in the modern war of Russia against Ukraine, is the initiative ofteachers and graduates institutions of general secondary education to make and install memorial boards in the conditions of celebrations, conducting research on the creation of a collective portrait of the dead. The authors also focused attention on the need to strengthen this area of school local studies, to master the tried and tested methods of historical and historical schoolworkand to develop forms adequate to the needs of the time in order to protect and preserve the national cultural heritage.Документ Mykolaiv Concentration Prison:Creation and Functioning (1907-1920)(2024) Bilichenko Lidiia; Біліченко ЛідіяGoal of the study. On the basis of the funds of the State Archive of the Mykolaiv region, research the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv penal prison during 1907-1920.Methodology. The methodological basis of the study are the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, which allow us to determine the place and role of the Mykolaiv concentrationprison in the system of penitentiary policy of the Russian Empire, to show the history of the Mykolaiv concentration prison at the beginning of the 20thcentury. Various methods were used in the process of work. For example, the method of statistical analysis, which made it possible to trace the number and composition of both criminal and political prisoners.Scientific novelty. This scientific article is one of the first comprehensive studies with the involvement of archival sources after 1991, which is dedicated to the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv concentration prison. The author carried out a comprehensive study of the issue of punishment and its execution in this correctional institution. The article also defines for the first time the concepts of penal prison system in the narrow sense of the word and penal-prison deprivation of liberty.Conclusions. The article, based on archival sources and with the involvement of memoir literature, investigated the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv concentration prison during 1907-1920. It was established that both political and criminal prisoners were held in the prison. Prisoners’ labor was actively used in the prison, and there were cloth-making, boot-making, carpentry, metalwork, basket-making, and blacksmithing workshops. Based on this, it was found that the reference to hard labor for particularly dangerous criminals (both political and criminal) implied strict isolation burdened with harsh conditions combined with excruciating forced labor. By creating such conditions, the government sought to intimidate and brutally punish political and criminal criminals, without trying to correct them. Because of the strict regime in the Mykolaiv concentration prison, riots, hunger strikes, escapes, and suicide attempts often occurred.