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Документ Консенсус(2026)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент Andriy Malyshko’s Deputy Activities (1951-1967)(2026) Plisetskyi Dimitrii; Плісецький ДімітрійThe aim of the work. Considering the state of research on the outlined problem in domestic historiography, we set the following goal: to identify the peculiarities of deputy activity during the Soviet period using the example of the famous Ukrainian poet and public figure Andriy Samoilovich Malyshko. Methodology. To achieve the goal set in the article, generally accepted approaches, principles, and methods of scientific knowledge were applied: analysis of documentary sources and newspaper publications, their further synthesis, comparison of the authors’ approaches of individual researchers, systematization, and generalization of the information obtained. All this together made it possible to reveal the essence and peculiarities of the work of deputies in the Ukrainian SSR, and in particular Andriy Malyshko. Scientific novelty. There are no works on the subject under study in modern Ukrainian historiography. Conclusions. In Soviet society, the position of deputy at all levels was considered an honorary one, and the activities of deputies differed significantly from those of today. The people’s representatives considered requests from citizens regarding their problems and tried to resolve them. This required constant cooperation with many institutions. Andriy Malyshko was a deputy in the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR and the Kyiv Regional Council from 1950 to 1967. His active work is evidenced by incoming correspondence, which can be used to trace the main problems of Soviet citizens in the post-war period and during the ‘thaw’. Archival materials attest to his many meetings with constituents and his work in various commissions. It is also worth noting the poet’s oratorical skills, which Malyshko demonstrated during sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR.Документ Historiography of Ukrainian-Turkish Relations in the Cultural and Educational Sphere: State and Prospects of Research(2026) Klish Andrii Bohdanovych; Кліш Андрій Богданович; Drevnitskyi Yurii Romanovych; Древніцький Юрій РомановичThe article provides a comprehensive historiographical analysis of the cultural and educational dimension of Ukrainian–Turkish relations from 1991 to 2025. The aim of the study is to systematize the scholarly contributions of Ukrainian and foreign researchers, identify the main stages, thematic dominants, and methodological approaches to the study of humanitarian cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey, and outline prospects for further research in this field. The methodological framework of the study is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, and interdisciplinarity, as well as on historiographical analysis, problem-chronological, structural-functional, and comparative methods, which make it possible to examine cultural and educational processes within the broader context of international relations and public diplomacy. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive synthesis and critical reassessment of the historiography of Ukrainian–Turkish cultural and educational relations throughout the entire period of Ukraine’s independence, taking into account the impact of Russian aggression and the transformation of the role of the Ukrainian diaspora in Turkey. For the first time, the institutional forms of humanitarian interaction–namely the activities of higher education institutions, cultural centers, diaspora organizations, and international institutions–are considered within a single analytical framework as components of Ukraine’s “soft power” strategy and public diplomacy. The conclusions substantiate that the current stage of historiography is characterized by a shift in focus from political and economic aspects to the study of practical mechanisms of cultural and educational cooperation, which play an increasingly important role in shaping Ukraine’s positive image in Turkey and countering information challenges. Emphasis is placed on the need for further interdisciplinary research, particularly the study of Turkish historiography, the regional dimension of cooperation, and the interaction between state and civic actors in the humanitarian sphere.Документ History as a Weapon: Deconstructing Manipulative Narratives in Vladimir Putin’s Interview with Tucker Carlson(2026) Krupenia Iryna Mykolaivna; Крупеня Ірина Миколаївна; Tverezovskyi Dmytro; Тверезовський ДмитроThe article analyzes the main propaganda myths that underlie the public argumentation of the Russian leadership regarding the aggression against Ukraine. These myths are examined as an integrated system of narratives and are critically deconstructed through comparison with historical facts, official documents, and generally recognized norms of international law. The aim of the study is to expose the mechanisms of manipulative use of history and deconstruct propaganda narratives aimed at justifying armed aggression against Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the analysis of scholarly historical literature, official legal and regulatory documents, and public sources; and the application of comparative and systems analysis methods. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive disclosure of the technology of combining archaic historical myths with modern political manipulations into a single ideological construct. The work proves how selective interpretation of the past and concealment of key facts create a pseudo-historical basis for denying Ukraine’s subjectivity. Conclusions. The study deconstructed key manipulative narratives in the interviews, revealing the mechanism by which history is transformed into a tool of aggression and legitimisation of the destruction of international law. It has been proven that Russian propaganda is based on selective citation of facts, deliberate concealment of the role of Russian special services in the events of 2014, and the substitution of legal concepts with artificial ideological constructs (‘coup d’état,’ ‘denazification’).Документ The People’s Movement of Ukraine in the Process of Transformation From a Public Movement to a Political Party(2026) Olitskyi Viacheslav Oleksandrovych; Оліцький В'ячеслав Олександрович; Makukha Anna; Макуха АннаThe purpose of the article is to analyse the transformation of the People’s Movement of Ukraine from a public movement into a political party and its consequences for Ukraine’s political development. The scientific novelty of the article lies in its comprehensive analysis of the internal organisational and ideological factors in the transformation of the People’s Movement of Ukraine into a political party, and in its assessment of their impact on the formation of a multi-party system in Ukraine. Conclusions. The People’s Movement of Ukraine became one of the key factors in the political mobilisation of Ukrainian society in the late 1980s and early 1990s, combining the functions of civil resistance, national and cultural revival and political opposition to the Soviet system. Its emergence was due to the crisis of Soviet ideology, the rise of civil initiatives, and the growth of national consciousness in the context of perestroika. A feature of the NRU was its initial organisational openness and ideological heterogeneity, which provided a broad social base and rapid growth in influence, but at the same time imposed structural constraints on further institutionalisation. The rejection of rigid ideological frameworks at an early stage was tactically justified. Still, in the context of the formation of a multi-party system, it became a factor of internal disintegration. At the same time, the Movement’s inability to transform mass support into stable parliamentary representation testified to its limitations in the context of the transition to institutional politics. The transformation of the People’s Movement of Ukraine into a political party was a natural stage of its evolution. Still, it was accompanied by a split within the national-democratic environment, a loss of mass appeal, and a decrease in its influence on political processes. In general, the experience of the People’s Movement of Ukraine demonstrates the complexity of the transition from a broad civil movement to institutional party politics in the conditions of post-Soviet transformation. The NRU left a deep mark on the process of state formation and the formation of the political culture of independent Ukraine, but the transformation at the same time testified to the limitations of the Movement as a long-term instrument of political struggle in the conditions of stabilisation of the political system.Документ Peter’s Punitive Policy and the Destruction of the Autonomy of the Hetmanate: The “Lebedinskaya Kativnya” as the Destruction of the Political Elite(2026) Skrypka Daryna; Скрипка Дарина; Taraban Yurii Valentynovych; Тарабан Юрій Валентинович;The article analyses the course and consequences of the Lebedyn tragedy of 1708-1709. It is argued that these events were not spontaneous revenge, but a systematic punitive action by Peter I aimed at eliminating the political elite. The role of the Mobile Chancellery and A. Menshikov in the functioning of the ‘Lebedyn torture chamber’ as an instrument of imperial terror is highlighted. The impact of the tragedy on the formation of the local history of the Sumy region and its significance in the context of the struggle for Ukrainian autonomy. The aim of this work is to investigate and analyse the preconditions, course and tragic consequences of the Lebedyn tragedy of 1708-1709 as part of Peter I’s repression against the supporters of Hetman Ivan Mazepa during the Great Northern War. Particular attention is paid to specific events in the context of the history of the Sumy region. The methodological basis of the study is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematic and comparative-historical analysis of written sources, letters, as well as the testimonies of contemporaries and the generalisation of the works of Ukrainian historians who covered the events of the Northern War and the tsar's punitive policy. Scientific novelty – consists in the systematization and substantiation, based on a complex of written sources, of little-known testimonies about the scale of the tragedy in Lebedyn. For the first time, specific data on the methods of torture and the role of Prince Alexander Menshikov and Tsar Peter I have been systematized. The study helps to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of imperial terror in the context of the destruction of the Hetmanate and its long-term impact on Ukrainian consciousness. Conclusions. Based on a comprehensive analysis of sources, it has been established that the Lebedyn tragedy was the result of Peter I’s systematic violation of Ukraine’s autonomous rights, which forced Ivan Mazepa to seek a new protector. It has been proven that these events were not spontaneous revenge, but organised state terror under the leadership of Peter I and Alexander Menshikov, aimed at the physical and psychological destruction of the Ukrainian elite. The mechanism of the Mobile Chancellery has been revealed, where representatives of all strata of society were subjected to inhuman torture and mass extermination regardless of their guilt. The study emphasises that the destruction of Ukrainian autonomy in the Sumy region was a key stage in imperial expansion, the understanding of which is fundamental to analysing the nature of the historical and contemporary Russian-Ukrainian confrontation.Документ Current State and Prospects of Using Information Systems in Archaeology(2026) Stovbukha Rostyslav; Стовбуха РостиславThe study examines the current state and future prospects of integrating information technologies into archaeology. The aim of the paper is to analyze modern digital approaches – GIS, remote sensing, three-dimensional modeling, and artificial intelligence – and their implementation in archaeological practice. The methodology is based on a systematic analysis of leading publications and projects in the field, as well as the comparison of theoretical sources and real-world application cases. Recent academic publications, reports of international projects, and specialized web resources were analyzed. A systematic approach was applied: data from publications were synthesized, facts were verified using primary sources (peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, and reports of COST actions), and key trends were generalized. Particular attention was paid to the critical selection of examples with documented results (supported, among others, by the active knowledge-exchange networks such as the MAIA Project and similar initiatives). The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive review of the most recent trends – from LiDAR technologies to machine learning algorithms – and in the critical assessment of their interaction and limitations in archaeological research. The main results demonstrate the widespread adoption of GIS for spatial analysis of archaeological landscapes, the extensive use of high-precision 3D technologies (aerial photography, photogrammetry, and LiDAR) for detecting hidden archaeological sites, the growing application of unmanned aerial vehicles and neural networks for object identification, as well as the active implementation of FAIR principles for archaeological data management. At the same time, several challenges are identified: the need for long-term preservation of archaeological data, ethical concerns (including confidentiality of site locations and potential data bias), and the necessity for appropriate professional training. The conclusions confirm that digital archaeology is shaping a new paradigm: it opens unprecedented opportunities for discoveries and analysis, but requires interdisciplinary approaches and strict adherence to data management standardsДокумент Alfred Frauenfeld’s Memorandum on the Problems of Administering the Occupied Eastern Territories As a Source For the Study of Nazi Administrative Policy(2026) Tishyn Oleksandr; Тішин ОлександрThe purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of Alfred Frauenfeld’s memorandum on the problems of administering the occupied eastern territories as a historical source reflecting internal debates and contradictions within the system of Nazi administration in Ukrainian lands during the Second World War. The focus is placed on clarifying the circumstances of the document’s creation, its substantive content, the author’s line of argumentation, and its place within the broader context of the formation of the Third Reich’s occupation policy. The scholarly novelty of the article lies in an integrated reading of the memorandum through the prism of everyday administrative practice and intra-governmental competition within the Reichskommissariat «Ukraine». The document is examined not only as a source of factual information but also as evidence of an attempt to reconsider the occupation strategy. The study specifies the nature of Frauenfeld’s criticism concerning particular policy areas-education, culture, agrarian relations, and labor mobilization and demonstrates that the alternatives he proposed were pragmatic rather than humanitarian in character, aimed at increasing the efficiency of control over the region. Conclusions. Frauenfeld’s memorandum reveals deep discrepancies between the ideological directives of the Nazi leadership and the practical requirements of governing the occupied territories. The document reflects an effort to explain the growth of resistance and the decline of local loyalty as consequences of miscalculations in administrative policy, without questioning the fundamental principles of the occupation regime. As a source, it makes it possible to trace decision-making mechanisms, competition among various occupation authorities, and the transformation of approaches to the organization of «Eastern policy». Its critical analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the nature of Nazi rule in Ukraine and sheds light on the internal logic of the occupation apparatus.Документ Economic Diplomacy of the Republic of India in South Asia Under the Prime Ministership of Narandra Modi(2026) Tykhonenko Iryna; Тихоненко Ірина; Dubovyi Oleksandr Дубовий ОлександрThe article attempts to analyze India’s economic diplomacy in the South Asian region during the Prime Ministership of N. Modi. The goal of the article is to study the means of India’s economic diplomacy towards the states of the South Asian region and determine the level of their effectiveness during the tenure of N. Modi. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, systematicity and objectivity with an appeal to case study methods, comparative analysis and general scientific methods. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the analysis of the modern dimension of India’s economic diplomacy in South Asia since 2014 and its impact on India’s bilateral and multilateral initiatives in the region with an emphasis on the “Chinese” factor. Conclusions. The conceptual foundations of Indian foreign policy are analyzed via the “Neighborhood First” policy, the “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” principle, and the key provisions of the “Modi Doctrine”, which determine the modern logic of New Delhi’s regional interaction. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of practical cases of India’s cooperation with the states of the region – Bhutan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Afghanistan. It is determined that the most profound and strategic nature is the relationship with Bhutan, where economic interaction covers infrastructure, energy, and financial areas. Relations with the Maldives and Sri Lanka are considered as examples of using economic support to stabilize partners in crisis conditions. At the same time, cooperation with Nepal, Afghanistan and Bangladesh in current situation is characterized by more complex dynamics due to political and security factors. Antagonism with Pakistan levels the effectiveness of bilateral economic interaction. The authors conclude that India’s economic diplomacy serves not only as a tool for developing trade and investment, but also as an important mechanism for strengthening political influence, ensuring regional stability, and countering China’s growing activity.Документ Under the Pressure of No Escape: Invisible Lives. Actors and Artists in the Vineta Special Department(2026) Yashyn Vadym Oleksandrovych; Яшин Вадим ОлександровичThe article aims to investigate the activities of the special department Vineta of the Eastern Division of the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during World War II, focusing on its dual role as a propaganda and cultural control institution. By analyzing the biographies of actors and artists involved in Vineta’s entertainment and propaganda programs, the study seeks to reveal the phenomenon of “forced creativity” as a survival strategy under totalitarian coercion. The research highlights how artistic practices, often perceived as voluntary cultural production, became instruments of adaptation, survival, or escape in the context of oppressive political systems. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the phenomenon of “forced creativity” in the activities of Vineta is systematically analyzed through the cases of artists from Kryvyi Rih and Dnipropetrovsk. The article demonstrates how art, instead of being a space of free expression, was transformed into a tool of survival, adaptation, or resistance. It also reveals the problem of “invisibility” of human destinies, when suffering and coercion remained outside public attention and became known only through historical reconstruction. The novelty lies in the integration of biographical evidence with the analysis of cultural policy, which makes it possible to conceptualize collaboration, coercion, and resistance not as abstract categories but as lived experiences of ordinary individuals. Conclusions. Vineta’s cultural policy functioned as an instrument of ideological control, but at the same time created a space for individual survival strategies. The biographies of artists illustrate the complexity of moral choices between collaboration, forced participation, and resistance. The methodological combination of biographical and prosopographical approaches makes it possible not only to reconstruct individual destinies but also to identify typical models of behavior under totalitarian pressure. This approach deepens the understanding of “forced creativity” and “invisibility” as phenomena that shaped the cultural and social history of the twentieth century. The article thus contributes to the broader discourse on hidden dimensions of history, restoring forgotten names and emphasizing the importance of micro-historical perspectives in the study of totalitarian regimes.Документ The Formation and Disappearance of the First Paleozoological Terminology in the Context of the Development of the Paleozoology of Mammals Discipline at the End of the 19 – First Half of the 20th Century in Ukraine(2026) Stupak Alina; Ступак АлінаThe purpose of this work is to highlight the history of the emergence and demonstrate examples of the first Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology in the publications of palaeozoologists of the late 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. To provide the historical context of the emergence of palaeozoological studies in Ukraine, as well as to describe folk beliefs and attitudes towards animal fossils. To describe the causes and consequences of the disappearance of the first Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology. The research methodology is based on an analysis of early scientific publications from the mid-19th to the first half of the 20th century to describe the first Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology.Scientific novelty: for the first time, the history of the emergence of Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology related to the study of mammals is presented. Based on publications from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the study describes ancient Ukrainian vernacular names for mammals, as well as the names of their anatomical elements, which are no longer in use today. The study raises the topic of the general development of palaeozoological studies in Ukraine in the late 19th and first half of the 20th centuries. The disappearance of ancient terminology during the completion of the policy of indigenisation and language reform in 1933. The fate of scientists who used the first Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology in the context of the repressive system of the Soviet Union is briefly mentioned.Conclusions: Despite unfavourable conditions, when Ukrainian lands were divided between two empires, Ukrainian-language scientific terminology in the natural sciences, including palaeozoology, emerged in the mid-19th century. Basic, frequently used terms, zoonyms and animal anatomical parts already existed in the Ukrainian language at that time. They reflected popular ideas about the characteristics of the appearance or lifestyle of a particular species. Several Ukrainian scientists set themselves the task of collecting them and introducing them into scientific circulation, starting in the mid-19th century. These attempts are recorded in scientific articles or dictionaries, which aim to provide readers with Ukrainian equivalents of Russian or German terms. A large number of these works emerged on the basis of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917 and favourable conditions against the backdrop of the policy of indigenisation. Most of the Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology fell out of scientific use due to the language reform of 1933. As a result of its implementation, we now have modern scientific terminology, including palaeozoological terminology. This reform aimed to artificially bring the Ukrainian and Russian languages closer together. The language reform resulted in the formation of new terms similar to their Russian counterparts. This study is important for understanding Russia's colonial influence on the scientific community in the last century.Документ Late Trypillia Monuments in the Territory of Zhytomyr Region(2026) Khadadova Maryna Volodymyrivna; Хададова Марина ВолодимирівнаThe article is devoted to the late Trypillya monuments of the urban type in the territory of Zhytomyr region, their common features and peculiarities are determined. The purpose of the article: to characterize the late Trypillya monuments in the territory of Zhytomyr region, to determine their common features, thanks to which they form an urban group of monuments. The methodological basis of the study is the principle of scientificity and systematicity, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization. Scientific novelty: for the first time, information about the late Trypillya monuments in the territory of Zhytomyr region has been analyzed and systematized. Conclusions. More than 50 monuments of the late Trypillya period have been recorded in the territory of Zhytomyr region. S. Hamchenko was one of the first to begin to study them, but the results of his research have not yet been published. In the mid-30s of the 20th century the study of the Trypillian culture was given special importance, so specialists are developing a new methodology for searching and comprehensively studying monuments. The priority is to study monuments over a large area. Among the late Trypillian monuments of the Zhytomyr region, the most studied is the settlement of Gorodsk. Famous archaeologists V. Petrov, E. Krychevsky, M. Makarevich joined its archaeological study. The hillfort in Gorodsk was recognized as an eponymous monument. During the 1940s a large number of previously unknown settlements of the late Trypillian period were discovered.The accumulated material also allowed us to formulate the main features of the monuments allocated to the Gorodsk type. Among them are the topography of settlements and the change in priorities in the economy in favor of animal husbandry. For several decades, archaeologists have sought to “trace” the process of “disappearance” of the Trypillian culture using the examples of monuments of the Zhytomyr region. Modern researchers hold the opinion that we are observing not the disappearance, but the transformation of the late Trypillian culture and its further development in new natural and historical conditions.Документ Actual Problems in Studying the Bilsk Hillfort(2026) Kudinov Dmytro Valeriiovych; Кудінов Дмитро ВалерійовичThe Bilsk hillfort belongs to the category of large-scale fortified settlements in the left-bank forest-steppe. Its defensive structures are the largest in the region, and their sophistication and implementation testify to the high level of planning and organization of the society of that time. The burial sites in the surroundings of the Bilsk hillfort are also impressive in scale. First and foremost, this refers to the number of burial mounds that belonged to representatives of the local elite.This archaeological complex is in fairly good preservation and has been studied by archaeologists for almost 120 years. During this time, it has been possible to accumulate a significant amount of data about the monument, collect and systematize artifacts’ from different periods, and carry out high-quality mapping. Finally, archaeologists have determined the location of the complex among other synchronous archaeological sites.It should be noted that the territory of the Bilsk hillfort has several chronological stages of its history. The emergence of the settlement structure and the construction of defensive structures date back to the early Iron Age and are associated with the Scythian population. Later, Slavic tribes lived within the hillfort and its immediate surroundings. In particular, Severian settlements and fortified settlements are known in the villages of Hlynske (Opishnia community, Poltava region) and Kuzemin (Hrun community, Sumy region), and during the Cossack era, active work was carried out on the territory of the Western Fortification and the Skorobor burial ground to boil down saltpeter.All these stages are the subject of study by researchers, mainly archaeologists. However, there are currently several debatable issues in scientific literature, which have been resolved to varying degrees. This is due to both objective reasons and the personal scientific views of individual researchers.Currently, the implementation of the latest digital methods for recording cultural heritage sites has begun. This has greatly simplified certain issues, particularly those related to the visualization of monuments within the Bilsk micro-region. This has been made possible thanks to the efforts of a team of researchers from the Bilsk Historical and Cultural Reserve, which is actively involved in the preservation and scientific study of the complex of monuments in the territory and surroundings of the Bilsk hillfort.Документ Anti-Religious Propaganda in the Soviet Press of the Northern Left Bank Ukraine in 1920-25(2026) Mozghovyi Oleksii; Мозговий ОлексійThe article analyzes anti-religious propaganda in the periodical press of the Northern Left Bank Ukraine in 1920-25. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of communist propaganda on this issue, the change in the views of the party press, and the transition of anti-religious propaganda from the practical plane to more abstract ideological rhetoric. It has been established that anti-religious propaganda in the periodical press of the Northern Left Bank Ukraine in 1920-25 was varied in nature and evolved over time. During 1920-25, anti-religious propaganda in the communist press of the Northern Left Bank Ukraine went from a practical focus, namely criticism of the church due to the desire to remove church values in favor of the state, to criticism of the fundamental principles of religion and its basic dogmas from the standpoint of communist ideology.The purpose is to study and analyze anti-religious propaganda present in the Soviet press of 1920-25 in the territory of the Northern Left Bank Ukraine.The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of historical sources, namely the Soviet periodical press of the period 1920-25, which was printed in the territory of modern Poltava, Sumy, and Chernihiv regions, an analysis of anti-religious propaganda as an integral part of the Soviet ideological doctrine of that time was carried out. The main approaches of Soviet propaganda to the issue of the church and religion and their role in the new Soviet society were analyzed. The evolution of the Soviet press's views on the religious issue and the change in the main propaganda attitudes were traced.Conclusion. The analysis revealed that anti-religious propaganda was quite actively represented in the Soviet press of 1920-25. However, it varied in nature and served different purposes in different years. Between 1920 and 1922, propaganda directed against the church was only part of a state propaganda campaign to encourage the population to donate material goods to fill the budget. In this regard, the church was criticized for its unwillingness to give material wealth to the Soviet authorities. Then, starting in 1923, the local party press of the Northern Left Bank Ukraine began to criticize religion and the church from the standpoint of Marxist-Leninist ideology and to question the basic dogmas of the church.Документ Strategies of Survival and Functioning of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the Basement of the Period of Soviet Conformism (Mid-1960s – Early 1980s)(2025) Olitskyi Viacheslav Oleksandrovych; Оліцький В'ячеслав Олександрович; Osadcha Anastasiia; Осадча АнастасіяThe aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the strategies for survival and functioning of the underground Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) in the 1960s–early 1980s. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the survival strategies of the underground UGCC in the 1960s and early 1980s, based on a combination of a network approach, microhistorical method, and the latest interpretations of religious resistance to totalitarian regimes. The internal mechanisms of the underground organisation have been systematised, the place of the UGCC in the context of nonviolent resistance to the Soviet system has been clarified, and the importance of lay communities as key elements of the stability of the church underground has been demonstrated.Conclusions. In the 1960s and early 1980s, the underground Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church formed a multi-level, internally stable system of functioning, which ensured not only the preservation of the church structure but also the further development of spiritual, educational, and community life. The UGCC’s survival strategy was multifaceted and based on an organic combination of traditional church practices with new, forcedly innovative forms of activity thatemerged under Soviet totalitarian control. Despite constant pressure, surveillance, arrests, and thethreat of liquidation, the UGCC managed not only to survive but also to preserve the integrity of its spiritual tradition, expand its network of underground communities, and accumulate potential for future revival. Studying its activities during this period provides a deeper understanding of the nature of religious resistance to totalitarian regimes, highlights the uniqueness of the Ukrainian experience, and contributes to the broader discourse on the resilience of persecuted religious communities in the 20thcentury.Документ Ukrainian-Russian Relations (1991-2024) in the Definitions of Historical and Political Science Discourse(2025) Штагер Тетяна; Shtaher TetianaThe article examines the transformation of Ukrainian-Russian relations between 1991 and 2024 through the conceptual framework of historical and political science discourse. This period is characterized by a shift from formal cooperation to open confrontation, culminating in Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Particular attention is paid to information warfare as a central element of hybrid threats that define the contemporary stage of bilateral relations. It is interpreted not only as a tool for manipulating public consciousness but also as a mechanism for constructing an alternative reality in which war crimes are justified and expansionist policies legitimized.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence and significance of the definitions used to describe the processes of information warfare and hybrid threats within the Ukrainian-Russian context. The methodological framework combines general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, discourse analysis of historical and political narratives, and the use of Ukrainian legal acts together with international scholarly findings (notably the Erasmus+ WARN project). The article systematizes such concepts as hybrid warfare, information warfare, propaganda, disinformation, manipulation, astroturfing, bots, deepfake, and echo chambers, which reflect the new forms of influence characteristic of the digital age.The scientific novelty lies in integrating historical-political approaches with information studies, thereby revealing the multidimensional nature of the ongoing conflict. For the first time, the conceptual apparatus of Ukrainian-Russian relations is presented as an integrated system encompassing technical (cyberattacks, cyber espionage), communicative (propaganda, bots, fake news), and ideological (instrumentalization of history, the Russian World, the Great Patriotic War) components. This approach explains the effectiveness of Russian information aggression while simultaneously outlining possible counter-strategies.The conclusions emphasize that information warfare has become a decisive factor in the transformation of Ukrainian-Russian relations between 1991 and 2024. Its systemic and multi-level nature has enabled Russia to influence both domestic public opinion and international discourse. The practical significance of the study lies in applying the conceptual framework to develop state information policies, strengthen societal resilience to hybrid threats, and design Ukrainian counter-narratives. Future research should focus on analyzing international initiatives in the field of information security and incorporating Ukraine’s experience into the global context of countering information warfare.Документ The Problematic of Religious Transformations in the Early Modern Period(2025) Omelchenko Andrii; Омельченко АндрійThe aim of the study is to identify and analytically interpret the key problems involved in understanding religious transformations of the early modern period, as well as to determine the explanatory potential and limitations of the principal historiographical models applied to their analysis.The methodological strategy is based on the principles of comparative analysis, contextualisation, and historicisation. Comparative analysis is employed to juxtapose different interpretative models in a regional perspective, demonstrating the asynchronous and polycentric nature of religious change. Contextualisation is used to interpret religious phenomena within specific social and political settings, thereby avoiding excessive generalisation. Historicisation provides a critical examination of the very terms and categories employed, revealing their dependence on scholarly traditions and academic paradigms.The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematisation and comparative assessment of the leading interpretative approaches to early modern religious transformations, which are typically examined in isolation. The study demonstrates that different models operate with distinct definitions of “religiosity,” thus producing incompatible trajectories for explaining religious change. It also highlights the polycentric and asynchronous character of early modern religious processes and proposes an integrative perspective capable of accounting for their multilayered structure.Based on the analysis, the study concludes that religious transformations of the early modern era constitute a multidimensional and uneven process that cannot be fully explained within the confines of a single interpretative model. A comparison of intellectual, institutional, social, and cultural approaches shows that each employs different criteria for defining religiosity and therefore constructs incompatible chronological and analytical frameworks. Taking methodological diversity into account makes it possible to describe more accurately the complexity of religious change in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and to reject uniform explanatory schemes in favour of a multilevel analytical perspective.Документ Preparation of the Russian Army Reserve in the Late 18th to Early 19th Century(Гельветика, 2025) Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych; Ячменіхін Костянтин МихайловичThe purpose of the article is to attempt to analyze the development of the reserve training system of the Russian army in the late 18th- early 19thcenturies, to trace the process of forming its legislative base and to identify the main sources of replenishment at the expense of the cantonist contingent.The main source base of the study was the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive and a number of various printed sources.The research methodology is based on the concrete-historical method, the principles of scientific logic, objectivity, and the possibility of verifying the obtained results. The study also applies an “internal” analytical approach to the stated problem in order to reveal the directions ofgovernment policy aimed at achieving established goals; additionally, the problem-chronological approach, historical-genetic and investigative methods, as well as comparative-historical typology, were used.Scientific novelty of the research. An attempt is made to provide a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for improving the training of the army reserve in connection with changes in the tactics and strategy of warfare during this period.Based on the analysis of the available material, the following conclusions may be drawn: due to the growing need of the army for well-prepared young commanders and specialists, army leadership began to consider cantonists (soldiers’ children) as a suitable option for preparing the army reserve on the basis of special training units. At the same time, the procedure for assigning cantonists to army service acquired a sufficiently structured form, and a sharp increase in the number of cantonists can be observed.Документ The “Foreign Relations of the United States”Series as a Source for Studying the Religious Policy of the USSR During World War II(Гельветика, 2025) Zhukov Oleksandr Volodymyrovych; Жуков Олександр ВолодимировичThe article is devoted to defining the research potential of The Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) series as a source for studying the Soviet Union’s religious policy during World War II.The aim of the study is to analyze the content, structure, and informational potential of the FRUS documents from 1939-1945 concerning the USSR’s religious policy and to determine the feasibility of their application in researching Soviet confessional policy.The research methodology is based on the historical-documentary analysis of the FRUS materials, involving both external and internal source criticism, alongside historico-systemic and historico-comparative methods. This approach is crucial for assessing the interpretation of Soviet religious policy by American diplomacy within the context of international relations.The source base encompasses FRUS volumes for the 1939-1945 period related to the USSR. It includes telegrams from U.S. Ambassadors and Chargés d’Affaires in Moscow, official statements, meeting transcripts, and diplomatic overviews that contain an analysis of changes in confessional policy and American diplomats’ assessments of its internal and international implications.The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive source study of the USSR’s religious policy through the FRUS prism, allowing for the synthesis of internal political and international aspects of the issue. Furthermore, it provides the first analysis of how this entire process was interpreted by American diplomatic circles.The author concludes that the FRUS materials conclusively demonstrate that Soviet religious policy during the war remained tightly controlled by the authorities and was used exclusively as a tool for internal legitimization and external political influence. Events perceived as evidence of liberalization were predominantly symbolic in nature. The confessional vector of the Kremlin, as documented by diplomats – particularly concerning international actors such as the Vatican and the Polish Government-in-Exile – directly impacted U.S.-Soviet relations and shaped American foreign policy positions. Thus, the FRUS series serves as a unique source for examining the international dimension of the USSR’s religious policy during World WarII.Документ The Formation and Activities of the Organisation of the State Renaissance of Ukraine(2025) Khytrovska Yuliia; Хитровська ЮліяPurpose of the work is to elucidate the history of the establishment and stages of activity of the Organisation for the State Revival of Ukraine in the United States.Research methodology. The article is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism, employing methods of source criticism – work with archival documents from the Central State Archive of Public Associations and Ukrainica (TsDAHOU), diaspora periodicals («Visnyk ODVU», «Samostiina Ukraina», «Svoboda»), the historical-genetic method – tracing the emergence and evolution of ODVU from its foundation in 1931 to the restoration of Ukraine’s independence, the problem-chronological method – sequential exposition of the stages of the organisation’s activity, the structural-functional method – analysis of ODVU’s organisational structure, and the comparative-historical method – comparison of different stages of the organisation’s activity and its interaction with other structures (OUN, World Coordinating Council of Ideologically Related Nationalist Organisations).Scientific noveltylies in the fact that the history of the Organisation for the State Revival of Ukraine has not become the subject of comprehensive scholarly research due to the prolonged inaccessibility of sources to Ukrainian academics; thus, the article represents the first attempt in Ukrainian historiography to comprehensively examine the outlined topic in light of new archival materials.Conclusions.The Organisation for the State Revival of Ukraine played a significant role in forming the nationalist and state-building worldview of the Ukrainian emigration. The organisation united several generations of the Ukrainian diaspora and, despite the distance from the homeland, supported the Ukrainian liberation movement, providing material and informational assistance. ODVU managed to overcome a series of crises and expand its network of organisational centres, some of which continue to function today, whilst also implementing measures that contributed to the restoration of Ukraine’s independence and the preservation of national identity amongst Ukrainians abroad