Переглянути
Нові надходження
Документ Консенсус(2024)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент Консенсус(СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка, 2024)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент Консенсус(СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка, 2024)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент Консенсус(СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка, 2024)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент Animal’s Pawprints on the Bricks of Medzhybizh Castle(2024) Stupak Alina; Ступак Аліна; Vietrov Viktor; Вєтров Віктор; Baranovskyi Anton; Барановський АнтонOccasional marks on bricks or other architectonic composites, with their potential to unveil environmental conditions at the time of their formation, attract scientific attention. The object of our research is the pawprints on bricks, a discovery made during the archaeological excavations of the historically significant Medzhybizh Castle (also known as Medzhybizh Fortress), located in the village of Medzhybizh, Khmelnytskyi region, Ukraine. Brick, a popular building material, was continually used to construct palaces and residential and household objects of the Castle’s architectural ensemble. The studied collection of bricks, dating to the 15th-19th centuries, is the second most widespread material, after stone blocks, for constructing various elements of the Castle complex.This study aims to identify the animal species responsible for the pawprints found and showcase the valuable informational potential of animal pawprints on bricks as an archaeological resource. The findings of the study reveal that the imprints can be attributed to canines, felines, swine, even-toed ungulates, and domestic fowl (chickens). Animal tracks present on the brick blanks indirectly reflect the environmental elements. In the context of the brick materials utilizedin the construction of Medzhybizh Castle, the animal imprints indicate the presence of animals associated with the proprietors of the brickyard or those from neighbouring households and farms. Animals could have unintentionally traversed the brick blanks while roaming freely, possibly attracted by the mineral components of the brick mortar. The dimensions of a dog’s pawprints enable an estimation of the size of certain individual dogs and their count. The small size of the hoofed mammal`s tracks suggests they belonged to young individuals, indicating the spring-summer season during which the brick blanks were created. The positioning of the tracks on the brick provides insights into the speed patterns of the animals’ movements on the blanks.Therefore,the results of the pawprint study on bricks and other ancient ceramic products not only contribute to our understanding of the past but also have practical applications in the scientific and museological spheres, making this research highly relevant and its applications tangible.Документ Localization of the Bilsk Transportation According to Archaeological Research and Remote Sensing(2024) Korotia Oleksii; Коротя Олексій; Osadchyi Yevhen Mykolaiovych; Осадчий Євген МиколайовичThe article is devoted to the localization of one of the crossings of the Vorskla River near the village of Bilsk. The Bilsk crossing is mentioned in written sources only once without its exact location. This is a little-known river crossing, but its functioning is closely related to the history of the region’s settlement and the development of transport infrastructure.The aim of the work is to determine the location of the Bilsk crossing in the early modern period, to find out the features of its structure and functioning, as well as to analyze archaeological artifacts that may be related to the functioning of the crossing.To solve this problem, the methods inherent in complex source studies were applied. They combine the analysis of written sources, data from archaeological excavations and surveys, and remote sensing of certain areas. The latest remote sensing devices were used – unmanned aerial vehicles and ground-based LIDAR. These devices made it possible to obtain a detailed view of thearea, which is covered with dense forest, as well as to display artificial transformations that arose during the operation of the crossing. Conclusions. As a result of applying the data obtained, the places where a stop could have taken place before crossing the river were identified. One of the key points of the study is to identify the places where the descent into the floodplain and ascent to the original bank took place. As a starting point for the research, we chose the village of Bilsk as the place name that gave the crossing its name. Subsequently, we analyzed the hydrographic objects - the Vorskla and Rubizhna rivers - and found out their flows in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries based on maps. More attention was paid to determining the location of the crossing on the left bank of the Vorskla River, as the choice of a place to ascend is not as obvious as on the right bank.To confirm our assumption, we used data from archaeological surveys on the left bank of the Vorskla River, north of Kotelva. According to the research, artifacts of the Cossack period werefound in only one place, namely at the settlement “Staryi Karier” in the Zinkivshchyna tract. All of the discovered artifacts date back to the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries and are somehow related to vehicles or items needed for travel. Indirect evidence is the absence of ceramics from this period, which excludes the possibility of a small farm in the early modern period. The analysis of the terrain revealed the remains of a dried-up lake, which could have been a source of water for horses and oxen of travelers, as well as a ramp that could be conveniently climbed up the cape’s arrow to the first floodplain terrace on the left bank of the Vorskla.The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that by comparing the data obtained from various sources, we were able to reconstruct the route that led from the village of Bilsk to the crossing of the Vorskla River and the place where the ascent to the left bank of this river took place.Документ Exploration and Monitoring of Early Paleolithic Sites in the Luhansk Region (2014–2021)(2024) Vietrov Viktor; Вєтров ВікторAfter 2014, the conditions for early Palaeolithic field research in Ukraine changed because of the Russian aggression. Firstly, these changes became noticeable in the studies of Crimea and the eastern regions. Such changes are associated with the danger of conducting fieldwork and the impossibility of planning expeditions and field practices. In 2014, we still conducted exploration and dug a test pit in the east of the Luhansk region. However, since 2015, in connection with the occupation of Luhansk, the work of the Eastern Division of the Lower Palaeolithic Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was forced to stop. The article aims to investigate there were no attempts to conduct archaeological reconnaissance in the east of the country in the Luhansk region. Our colleagues and patriots who found themselves in the occupied territory also carried out search operations and monitoring of Palaeolithic monuments damaged by the war whenever possible. The scientific novelty of this research lies in its first-ever analysis and systematization of information about works 2014-2021 were carried out at known and newly discovered locations: Vyshnevyi Dil, Shturmanske, Lysychansk-Zhelatyn, and Osynove in the Luhansk region. Conclusions. Part of the found artefacts were transported to the non-occupied territory of Ukraine and handed over to the Museum Fund of Ukraine. A crucial aspect of the study of the Early Palaeolithic was the processing and systematic transfer of the explored material of the Early Palaeolithic to the museum funds. In this direction, the museum fund of the State Historical and Cultural Reserve “Mezhybizh” became a hub containing scientific materials of the Early Palaeolithic from the east of Ukraine.Документ The Problem of the Functioning of the Chernihiv Teachers’ Seminary and the Land Liberalism of the Northern Left-Bank (1870s)(2024) Kotelnytskyi Nazar Anatoliiovych; Котельницький Назар АнатолійовичThe purpose of the study is to illustrate the long-term evolution of the policy of zemstvo liberalism of the Northern Left Bank regarding the problems of the functioning of the Chernihiv Teachers’ Seminary. Methodology of the work. In preparing the article, a general scientific (methods of synthesis and analysis, deduction and induction, generalization) and special-historical (critical, comparative-historical, problem-chronological methods, content analysis) research methodology was used, which generally ensured the achievement of the tasks set in the publication. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science, the position of the zemstvo liberal party of northern Ukraine regarding the life and support of the Chernihiv Teachers’ Seminary is considered. Conclusions. The author came to the conclusion that the problem of the functioning and life of the Chernihiv Teachers’ Seminary was the subject of constant attention of the region’s zemstvo liberalism during the 1870s. Analysis of historical sources convincingly testifies to the fact of the long-term evolution of the opposition aristocratic front of the region in its attitude towards the educational institution. The watershed was the official request of the Ministry of Public Education to transfer the educational institution to the competence of the central department. An educational institution important for the Northern Left Bank became a victim of the ideological conflict between the central bureaucracy of the Russian Empire and the electoral system of the zemstvo self-government. Members of the opposition aristocratic front, not wanting to implement in practice and be responsible for the conservative educational policy of Russian absolutism, took a principled step and advocated the closure of the educational institution.Документ Director of the Sumy State Pedagogical Institute Dmytro Nukalov:Stroke to the Biography Against the Background of the Day(2024) Kushch Yaroslav Mykolaiovych; Кущ Ярослав Миколайович; Semeshyn Eduard Volodymyrovych; Семешин Едуард ВолодимировичBased on an extensive range of archival sources, the article reflects the biography of Dmytro Nukalov, a graduate and director of the Sumy State Pedagogical Institute. The study aims to comprehensively reconstruct the biography of D.Nukalov as an educator, scientist, and manager and outline promising directions for further research.The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that D.Nukalovʼs life story has, for the first time, become the subject of an independent, comprehensive scientific investigation. Highlighting the life path of this figure is significant for studying the past of the Sumy region, particularly in the context of educational history.The methodological basis of the study is the biographical method, utilizing the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism, and a combination of systemic and regional approaches aimed at a critical scientific analysis of a complex of historical sources.Conclusions. The study of D.Nukalovʼs life path emphasizes the necessity of integrating his biography into the broader context of Soviet educational policy, political repression, and ideological pressure. This allows for a deeper understanding of the interaction between the individual and society under a totalitarian regime.Analysis and introduction into circulation of a wide range of archival documents allowed us to sufficiently reconstruct the life and work of D.Nukalov. It was established that he spent most of his life (1931-1941, 1943-1954) working in Sumy, where he held prominent teaching, administrative, and party positions. Particular attention is given to his socio-political activities, scholarly pursuits, teaching at the Sumy Mechanical Engineering College (March 1934 – January 1939), and managing the Sumy State Pedagogical Institute (July 1940 – September 1941 and November 1944 – September 1948). In the general context of the biography, the contribution of D.Nukalov as the head of the institute to its development and functioning in the post-war period is determined. The primary cause of the destruction of his career and life has also been revealed.Документ Legal Regulation of Charity in the Russian Empirein the Post-Reform Period(2024) Kudinov Dmytro Valeriiovych; Кудінов Дмитро Валерійович; Skusynets Anna; Скусинець АннаThe purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the characteristics of legal regulation concerning charitable activities in the Russian Empire during the post-reform period. Methodology: The research is grounded in the principles of objectivity, historicism, and systematicity, employing both general scientific methods – such as analysis, concretization, and comparison – and specialized approaches, including historical-legal, formal-legal, historical-genetic, historical-systemic methods, and diachronic analysis. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its systematic examination of the process that shaped Russian law in the area of charity, marking a first in domestic historiography. Conclusions: The research confirms that the state sphere of charity emerged as a systemic phenomenon during the era of CatherineII; however, substantial legal regulation of charitable matters was established only during the reign of AlexanderII. Throughout the post-reform era, the Statute of Public Welfare of 1857 served as the primary legislative act governing charity. The findings indicate that the procedure for establishing charitable institutions in the latter half of the 19th century was significantly streamlined, as it no longer necessitated mandatory approval from the monarch. Charitable matters fell under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which actively sought and achieved the delegation of certain powers regarding charity to local self-government bodies primarily tasked with developing institutions to assist the elderly, sick, and homeless. It is noteworthy that legislation did not set forth norms regulating the forms and limits of charitable assistance, leaving these factors entirely contingent upon the resources and willingness of individuals or legal entities providing support. In contrast, legal provisions did address the establishment of societies focused on caring for the impoverished, as well as the intricacies of executing wills for charitable bequests, initiating named scholarships, and managing kitchen collections. The activities of the ‘Grot commission’ are highlighted as a significant milestone in charity lawmaking, as it initiated the development of a draft law rooted in domestic charitable traditions, aimed at systematically enhancing social welfare.Документ The Formation and Activity of the Ukrainian Autocephalic Orthodox Church (1941-1944)(2024) Olitskyi Viacheslav Oleksandrovych; Оліцький В'ячеслав Олександрович; Riabukha Serhii; Рябуха СергійThe purpose of the research is a comprehensive study of the process of formation, organisational development and activities of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) in the period 1941–1944, in particular, an analysis of the conditions of its restoration, its role in the spiritual life of the Ukrainian people, and its interaction with other religious and political structures. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and specialhistorical research methods, including problem-chronological, historical-comparative, typological, diachronic, etc. The scientific novelty lies in the generalisation of the studied aspects of the activities of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church under the conditions of Nazi occupation. Conclusions. Thus, the attitude of the German occupation administration to the UAOC was constantly changing. At the beginning of the occupation, the Germans were quite loyal to the UAOC, allowing it to open churches, conduct church services in the Ukrainian language, and ordain new monks, and in fact, did not interfere with the activities of the church hierarchy. Later, this attitude changed dramatically; the Germans actually began to openly support the AOC, giving it churches that belonged to the UAOC in order to incite interfaith hostility. Many church figures were subjected to repressions because of their active public position, in particular, bishops Mstyslav (Skrypnyk) and Polycarp (Sikorsky). Many parishes belonging to the UAOC were closed or destroyed due to accusations of the occupation administration in supporting the OUN and UPA movements. Numerous instructions from the German occupation administration destroyed traditionally established church structures, limited religious life in Ukraine and put pressure on the clergy. Despite all the repressions and difficulties, the UPAC still continued its activities, actively helping the Ukrainian population by conducting church services, distributing humanitarian aid and providing shelter and necessary assistance to those in need. The UAOC in the period 1942–1943. actually became the centre of support and preservation of the national ideas of the Ukrainian people. The second formation of the UAOC not only demonstrated the desire of Ukrainians for church and political independence but also allowed the preservation of Ukrainian autocephaly in emigration, which in turn influenced the revival of the UAOC in Ukraine in the late 1980s.Документ Chronicle Mention of the Detention of Polovtsian Ambassadors On The River Loknya in 1127(2024) Osadchyi Yevhen Mykolaiovych; Осадчий Євген МиколайовичThe article is devoted to the analysis of the text of the chronicle mention of the detention of Polovtsian ambassadors on the Loknya River in 1127. On the basis of a set of sources, the issue of the possible route of the Polovtsian army and the place of their stay on the Vyr River is considered. One of the problems in localizing the scene of the event is that there are several rivers in the studied region called Loknya. One of them is a tributary of the Vyr River and in the nineteenth century was considered the place where the ambassadors were detained. At the beginning of the twentieth century, historians and local historians revised these conclusions and determined that these events took place near the modern city of Suja. For almost a hundred years, this interpretation was not in doubt and was considered to be settled in historical science. However, the emergence of new data from archaeology, historical geography, and maps of the early modern period allows us to consider this issue in more detail. Maps from the first half of the eighteenth century show a small forested area in the upper reaches of the Vyr River, as well as a ford or crossing nearby. This location is exactly where the “steppe corridor” was located in the twelfth and first half of the thirteenth centuries, along which the Polovtsians moved to Kyiv and Chernihiv. The combination of several important facts allows us to assume with a high degree of probability that the events of 1127 took place on the Loknya River near the chronicle town of Vyr. The author proposes several possible routes of the Polovtsian army and provides arguments to confirm the version in favor of localizing this event there, and not in the basin of the Psel River.Документ Leisure Activities of the Noble Youth Residing on the Right Bank of Ukraine in the First Half of the 19th Сentury(2024) Zemskyi Yurii; Земський ЮрійThe loss of their own national statehood triggered certain decadence among the Polish gentry. Undoubtedly, this was felt most acutely by representatives of younger generations, especially those from low- and middle-income families. Moreover, these feelings of self-dissatisfaction were intensified by comprehending their inability to change the current situation, as well as the realization that some of their compatriots, especially those with significant material wealth, openly collaborated with the ruling circles of the invading empires. Thus, the noble youth suffered from moral discomfort due to the lack of integrity between traditional class beliefs about their dignity, inherited from their chivalrous previous generations and bearers of famous coats of arms, and their contemporaries who silently obeyed the new orders of the invaders.The reaction of resistance to such a reality was a special subculture of everyday behavior of young nobles in the form of the ‘Balahul’ (or ‘jesting’) movement. Moreover, in terms of its content, this movement was fully in line with the common European ideological philosophy of national building, through the destruction of barriers between various strata within societies. The purpose of the study is to highlight the socio-political causes for the cultivation of the fashion for leisure in the form of jesting among the noble youth of the Right Bank Ukraine. Methodologically the study relies on the principles and methods of systemic-and-structural approach, comprehensiveness and integrity, comparative analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty is based on the conclusions inferred from a combination of materials from historical and documentary sources. On the other hand some of them are explanations of the realities of the regional phenomenon through the context of pan-European political events and processes.Thus, leisure activities of the noble youth, showcased in the form of jesting, despite their shockingness, theatricality, and comedy, were democratic aspirations by their nature. Overall this was a form of searching for ways to bring together and understand the peasant and bourgeois strata, which then became the driving power for national consolidation of Ukrainian society.Документ Content Characteristics of the ‘Office of the Mykolaiv Military Governor’ fond Through the Lens оf Content Analysis(2024) Kartuzov Kostiantyn; Картузов КостянтинThis article explores the content characteristics of the archival fond ‘Office of the Mykolaiv Military Governor’ (1805-1901), preserved at the State Archive of Mykolaiv Oblast, as well as a portion of the fond housed at the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in KyivThe introduction of modern digital technologies into the fields of science and archival studies opens up new opportunities for the efficient analysis of large volumes of documents, paving the way for advancements in Ukrainian research. The use of automation tools and qualitative-quantitative methods, such as content analysis, significantly simplifies thematic systematization and enables more unbiased and objective assessments of historical processes.The author focuses on the systematization of documents and the analysis of the key areas of activity of the Office of the Military Governor through the method of content analysis. The application of modern digital tools, particularly Voyant Tools, and data science methods allowed for the identification of thematic blocks, the frequency of key terms, and temporal trends. The study covers the administrative, military, social, educational, cultural, and economic activities of the region. Special attention is given to formerly classified materials that illuminate issues of police surveillance, crime control, and socio-political processes in the second half of the 19thcentury.The adopted approach not only reconstructs the key aspects of the Office’s functioning but also integrates data science methods into the study of historical sources, fostering a deeper understanding of the socio-economic development of Southern Ukraine during the specified period.Документ The Crash of the MH17 Аircraft is One of the First Visible Manifestations of Russia’s Armed Aggression Against Ukraine(2024) Krupenia Iryna Mykolaivna; Крупеня Ірина МиколаївнаThe aim of the work: to investigate the status of the investigation of the downing of the Malaysian plane flight MH17 in Donbas after 10 years from the day of the tragedy and to demonstrate that it was one of the first visible manifestations of russia’s armed aggression againstUkraine and the first manifestation of the unity of the civilized world against russia’s illegal behaviour.The methodology of the study is based on the principles of scientificity, systematicity and objectivity with the use of general scientific methods:content analysis, event analysis, modelling, comparison, forecasting, structuring, systematicity and generalization. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it was analysed for the first time in Ukraine in scientific circles the statements of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, the statements of the President of Ukraine, the statements of the Government of the Netherlands, the reports of the investigative journalism community Bellingcat, the reports of the International JointInvestigative Group on the investigation of the plane crash, the decisions of the Public Prosecution Service of the Netherlands, the reports of the Dutch Safety Board, the judgment of the InternationalCourt of Justice of the UN, the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, experts’ comments, reports in the national and international media regarding the downing of the passenger plane Boeing 777 Malaysia Airlines flight МН17.Conclusions. Based on the reports of the international investigation, it was established that the plane of flight MH17 was shot down by the russian-made Buk anti-aircraft missile system. It was emphasized that since July17, 2014, the whole world understood what russian aggression really means and that terror knows no borders. It was established that this terrible event was the first manifestation of the unity of the civilized world against russia’s illegal behaviour and one of the first visible manifestations of russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine.The main focus is on the importance of restoring justice for the families of the victims of the downing of flight MH17 and the inevitability of punishing russian military personnel and officials for violating the norms of international law. Russia must bear punishment under international law for inaction in the investigation and for not preventing the supply of money and weapons to illegal armed groups in the east of Ukraine, which were involved in the downing of the MH17 plane. Restoring justice and reparations to the victims is the only right way to preserve the rules-based international order and restore peace and stability to the world.Документ European Integration of Higher Education on the Example of Cooperation Between the I. I. Mechnikov University and Italy(2024) Smyntyna Olena; Сминтина ОленаThe purpose of the article: to analyze the cooperation between Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University and Italian higher education institutions in the context of Ukraine’s integration within the European Higher Education Area. Research methodology: the research is based on the scientificity principle and general scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, and periodization. Scientific novelty: more than 15 years of Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University’s experience of cooperation with Italian higher education institutions in the context of the European integration of the Ukrainian higher education system have been researched and summarized. Conclusions: the process of integration of European higher education, or the Bologna Process, is an integral part of European integration that began in the late 1990s. Ukraine joined it in 2005. Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University became one of the first universities in the country to join the implementation of the Bologna Charter in the educational process. One of the main partners of the I.I. Mechnikov ONU in the European Union is Italy – a country connected with Odessa by ancient cultural and historical ties. In order to strengthen cooperation in this area within the university, in 2007 the G. Garibaldi Center of Italian History and Culture was established. The main priorities of the center’s activities are: promoting the academic mobility of students and teaching staff; teaching the Italian language; organization of cultural, educational, and scientific events. The Center is not an isolated structure and interacts with the Embassy of Italy in Ukraine actively, as well as with the other cultural and scientific institutions, such as the Institute of Italian Culture in Ukraine and the Dante Alighieri Society. The results of the Center’s activities have been recognized at the governmental and international levels on numerous occasions. The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in 2022 significantly complicated the usual process of European integration of higher education, however, Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, in a similar manner to other Ukrainian universities, managed to adapt to the challenges of wartime.Документ Консенсус(СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка, 2023)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент Консенсус(СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка, 2023)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент Консенсус(СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка, 2023)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент Консенсус(СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка, 2023)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й техніки