Mary Ainsworth’s Attachment Theory And its Significance for Understanding a Child’s Early Social-Emotional Development
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2023
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Анотація
In the modern psychological and pedagogical discourse, attachment is a key concept that describes a child’s attitude towards an adult. The phenomenon of attachment is a deep emotional bond that arises between a child and an adult as a result of communication and close interaction. Attachment is an individually directed stable emotional attitude, which is based on the experience of an affectively rich relationship of a child with a close adult (usually the mother). As a result of communication with parents, the child forms cognitive ideas about himself and others, an internal working model, and patterns of interaction. The concept of attachment is closely related to the concept of relationships, but is not identical to it. Attachment is a separate type of emotional connection. Although attachment, being a deep connection, is not identical to interaction, it often influences interection and manifests itself in its characteristics. At the same time, we are talking, first of all, about the behavior of attachment, the study of which started a whole direction in modern development theory.Attachment theory is one of the most influential explanatory concepts in Western psychology and pedagogy. It arose on the basis of ethology, psychoanalysis and the theory of information processing. As in psychoanalysis, the focus of attachment theory is put on the child’s early relationship with a close adult (a mother or a person who replaces her). The experience of interaction with the mother in the first year of the child’s life creates attachment to her, which largely determines further mental and personal development. The article analyzes in detail M. Ainsworth’s experiment «Strange Situation», in which she studied the development of interaction between mothers and babies during the first year of life. Based on observations, three types of children’s reactions were described, which correspond to three types of attachment of the child to the mother (later a fourth type was proposed). M. Ainsworth called them safe and dangerous types of attachment. The classification system was named «ABC». The following types of attachment are distinguished: secure type of attachment «B», dangerous type of attachment «A», ambivalent type of dangerous attachment «C», disorganized type of attachment «D». Special attention is paid to the internal working model – a complex of internal mental images that are formed in a child during communication with one of the adults. With the help of this model, the child learns to predict the reactions of an adult in response to his own actions, this model will be the basis of interaction with other people in adulthood.
Опис
Ключові слова
Pedagogy, attachment theory, attachment types, primary attachment figure, internal working model. psychoanalytic pedagogy, педагогіка, теорія прив’язаності, типи прив’язаності. фігура первинної прив’язаності. внутрішня робоча модель. психоаналітична педагогіка
Бібліографічний опис
Vertel A. Mary Ainsworth’s Attachment Theory and its Significance for Understanding a Child’s Early Social-Emotional Development [Теxt] / А. Vertel // Актуальні питання гуманітарних наук: міжвузівський збірник наукових праць молодих вчених Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету імені Івана Франка – Дрогобич : Видавничий дім «Гельветика», 2023 – Вип. 70. Том 1. – C. 304–310. – DOI: 10.24919/2308-4863/70-1-46