Розвиток приватної вищої освіти в Україні: ретроспектива і перспектива

Abstract

Узагальнено досвід становлення та розвитку приватної вищої освіти на території України в історичній ретроспективі та на сучасному етапі. Простежено тяглість традицій приватної ініціативи в розвитку вітчизняної освіти від часів Київської Русі до сучасності. Визначено основні типи приватних вищих навчальних закладів, які існували на території України в період активної розбудови системи вищої освіти, а саме наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття (університетського типу, медичні, педагогічні, сільськогосподарські, мистецькі, комерційні та політехнічні). Проаналізовано умови становлення приватного сектору вищої освіти після проголошення незалежності України. Окреслено особливості діяльності сучасних приватних закладів вищої освіти.

Introduction. Active reforming of higher education in Ukraine in recent years has led to a rethinking of the experience of developing a national education system, including the private sector, which has a significant potential for defining the prospects for development of the field. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to summarize the experience of formation and development of private higher education in the territory of Ukraine in the historical retrospective and at the present stage. Methods. In the research were used general scientific methods (analysis, generalization, comparison), which provided the opportunity to formulate the initial statements and conclusions, distinguish the leading directions of research, and specific scientific methods (textological, retrospective and synchronous analysis) – for the purpose of processing the historiographical work, the source base and normative field of the study with the aim of generalization of experience of domestic private higher education institutions within the wide historical interval. Results. The continuity of traditions of private initiative in the development of native education from the time of Kievan Rus to modern times has been traced. The main types of private higher education institutions that existed on the territory of Ukraine during the period of active development of the system of higher education, namely, the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XXth century (university type, medical, pedagogical, agricultural, artistic, commercial and polytechnic), have been outlined. The conditions of formation of the private sector of higher education after the declaration of Ukraine’s independence have been analyzed. The data, including statistics, about the peculiarities of the activity of modern private universities is given. Originality. Development of the private sector of higher education of Ukraine within the wide temporal field and in the context of formation of the domestic system of higher education has been generalized. Conclusion. It is proved that formation of private higher education is a direct result of the renewal of the educational system, its full-fledged entry into new socio-economic and political conditions, which prompts competition among providers of educational services, and consequently to the growth of the quality of education. It is argued that this thesis is relevant for the domestic sphere of education in the historical retrospective and in modern conditions.