Принципи рівності, недискримінації та толерантності в реалізації права на освіту дітьми з особливими освітніми потребами
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Дата
2019
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Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
Стаття присвячена проблемам реалізації конституційного права на освіту дітей із особливими освітніми потребами. Автор аналізує загальновизнані міжнародні норми та законодавство України з точки зору принципів рівності, недискримінації та толерантності. Пропонуються нові підходи до теоретичного конструювання соціальної інклюзії, що передбачає зміщення акцентів у характеристиці дітей із особливими потребами з недоліків, порушень, відхилень від норми на фіксацію їх потреб в особливих умовах і засобах освіти. На основі результатів теоретичного аналізу автор формулює проблеми впровадження інклюзивної освіти в загальноосвітні школи, пропонує шляхи гармонізації взаємовідносин суб’єктів інклюзивної освіти, що багато в чому гарантує успішну інтеграцію дітей із особливими освітніми потребами в соціум.
The article is devoted to the problems of realization of the constitutional right for education of children with special educational needs. The author analyses the generally recognized international norms and legislation of Ukraine in terms of the principles of equality, non-discrimination and tolerance. The principle of equality is based on the creation of equal conditions for the realization by a person of his or her rights. The principle of non-discrimination creates conditions under which it is prohibited to restrict human rights, freedoms and duties on the basis of anthropological or social characteristics. The principle of tolerance is revealed in respect and recognition of equality, partnership, the desire to understand others, avoiding domination and pressure, recognition of the phenomenon of pluralism of opinions and a positive attitude to this fact, the understanding of its advantages. These principles are inalienable and are closely linked to the principles of justice, objectivity, proportionality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. The article proposes new approaches to the theoretical construction of social inclusion, which implies a shift in the emphasis in the characteristics of children with special needs from the disadvantages, violations, deviations from the norm to the fixation of their needs in special conditions and means of education. Based on the results of theoretical analysis, the author proves that inclusive education helps to fight discrimination and fear of differences, teaches children and adults to appreciate, accept and understand the diversity and difference between people instead of trying to change them. It is proved that inclusive education is useful not only for children with special needs, but also for their peers, as it contributes to the development of empathy, tolerance, formation of a realistic worldview. At the same time, one of the factors that inhibits inclusion is unavailability of some teachers, “ordinary” children and their parents to interact with children who have special needs. It is proved that the processes of inclusion of children with special educational needs in general education institutions will be successful if society changes its attitude to these children and to the idea of inclusion, implementation of the necessary training of teachers and their mass retraining. Thus, formation of an inclusive education institution in a tolerant educational environment is an important pedagogical task.
The article is devoted to the problems of realization of the constitutional right for education of children with special educational needs. The author analyses the generally recognized international norms and legislation of Ukraine in terms of the principles of equality, non-discrimination and tolerance. The principle of equality is based on the creation of equal conditions for the realization by a person of his or her rights. The principle of non-discrimination creates conditions under which it is prohibited to restrict human rights, freedoms and duties on the basis of anthropological or social characteristics. The principle of tolerance is revealed in respect and recognition of equality, partnership, the desire to understand others, avoiding domination and pressure, recognition of the phenomenon of pluralism of opinions and a positive attitude to this fact, the understanding of its advantages. These principles are inalienable and are closely linked to the principles of justice, objectivity, proportionality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. The article proposes new approaches to the theoretical construction of social inclusion, which implies a shift in the emphasis in the characteristics of children with special needs from the disadvantages, violations, deviations from the norm to the fixation of their needs in special conditions and means of education. Based on the results of theoretical analysis, the author proves that inclusive education helps to fight discrimination and fear of differences, teaches children and adults to appreciate, accept and understand the diversity and difference between people instead of trying to change them. It is proved that inclusive education is useful not only for children with special needs, but also for their peers, as it contributes to the development of empathy, tolerance, formation of a realistic worldview. At the same time, one of the factors that inhibits inclusion is unavailability of some teachers, “ordinary” children and their parents to interact with children who have special needs. It is proved that the processes of inclusion of children with special educational needs in general education institutions will be successful if society changes its attitude to these children and to the idea of inclusion, implementation of the necessary training of teachers and their mass retraining. Thus, formation of an inclusive education institution in a tolerant educational environment is an important pedagogical task.
Опис
Ключові слова
право на освіту, діти з особливими освітніми потребами, інклюзивна освіта, інтеграція, рівні можливості, толерантність, недискримінація, інклюзивне суспільство, right for education, children with special educational needs, inclusive education, integration, equal opportunities, tolerance, non-discrimination, inclusive society
Бібліографічний опис
Іваній, О. Принципи рівності, недискримінації та толерантності в реалізації права на освіту дітьми з особливими освітніми потребами [Текст] / О. Іваній // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2019. – № 8 (92). – С. 390–401. – DOI: 10.24139/2312-5993/2019.08/390-401.