Комплексна оцінка фізичного розвитку та психофункціонального стану дітей 6-річного віку
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Дата
2014
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Анотація
У статті представлено результати дослідження рівня фізичного та психічного розвитку дітей 6-річного віку на початковому етапі навчання. З’ясовано, що за останні роки збільшилася кількість дітей із дисгармонійним розвитком, переважно з ознаками надлишкової маси тіла, що автор пояснює суттєвим зниженням рухової активності сучасних дітей. Виявлено суттєві відмінності в готовності дітей до систематичного навчання в освітніх закладах різного типу. Отримані дані свідчать про більш сприятливий перебіг адаптації до навчального середовища учнів гімназії порівняно із загальноосвітньою середньою школою.
The article presents the results of the study of physical and mental development of the 6-year-old children. The aim of this work is the estimationing of morphological and psychofunctional conditions of the children at the outset of studying. The pupils of the first form of the secondary school and gymnasium were examined using such characteristics as sociometric indicators (body’s height and weight) and psychofunctional characteristics (the level of the «school maturity», a mental capacity, the volume of short-term memory and emotional state). During the study the conventional techniques of the anthropometric measurements and psychophysical testing were used. In general, physical development’s indicators of the 6-year-old pupils appropriate to the regional standards. Compared with a previous study (2008) the somatometric indicators of this age-group children were increased significantly. Looking at the harmonious development’s indicators for the last five years we have noticed that the number of the children with disharmonius development has significantly increased, mainly due to the overweight. The distinctive sexual characteristic of the surveyed contingent was that the number of the girls with disharmonious development, that was 1.5 times lower than among the boys. There was revealed the level of «school maturity» of the gymnasium students that was significantly higher than in the secondary school. The girl’s number with high levels of readiness for studying was significantly higher than the quantity of the boys in both experimental groups. The psychophysiological testing results showed that the students of the high school had higher mental operability such as speed and accuracy of the processing visual information. The same features of psychofunctional schoolboys’s state was identified during the study of memory’s functions. The differences between the boys and the girls by the indicators of mental health is that the girls performed the test tasks faster and better. The comparative results of the analysis of the short-term memory showed that the girls had higher ability to memorize visual and auditory information than the boys. The emotional state of the children in their initial training rated as satisfactory, but the boys of the both experimental groups had negative emotional response more often than the girls. Overall, the results have indicated higher functional reserves of the gymnasium’s pupils compared with the schoolchildren that provides beneficial for adaptation to training.
The article presents the results of the study of physical and mental development of the 6-year-old children. The aim of this work is the estimationing of morphological and psychofunctional conditions of the children at the outset of studying. The pupils of the first form of the secondary school and gymnasium were examined using such characteristics as sociometric indicators (body’s height and weight) and psychofunctional characteristics (the level of the «school maturity», a mental capacity, the volume of short-term memory and emotional state). During the study the conventional techniques of the anthropometric measurements and psychophysical testing were used. In general, physical development’s indicators of the 6-year-old pupils appropriate to the regional standards. Compared with a previous study (2008) the somatometric indicators of this age-group children were increased significantly. Looking at the harmonious development’s indicators for the last five years we have noticed that the number of the children with disharmonius development has significantly increased, mainly due to the overweight. The distinctive sexual characteristic of the surveyed contingent was that the number of the girls with disharmonious development, that was 1.5 times lower than among the boys. There was revealed the level of «school maturity» of the gymnasium students that was significantly higher than in the secondary school. The girl’s number with high levels of readiness for studying was significantly higher than the quantity of the boys in both experimental groups. The psychophysiological testing results showed that the students of the high school had higher mental operability such as speed and accuracy of the processing visual information. The same features of psychofunctional schoolboys’s state was identified during the study of memory’s functions. The differences between the boys and the girls by the indicators of mental health is that the girls performed the test tasks faster and better. The comparative results of the analysis of the short-term memory showed that the girls had higher ability to memorize visual and auditory information than the boys. The emotional state of the children in their initial training rated as satisfactory, but the boys of the both experimental groups had negative emotional response more often than the girls. Overall, the results have indicated higher functional reserves of the gymnasium’s pupils compared with the schoolchildren that provides beneficial for adaptation to training.
Опис
Ключові слова
діти 6-річного віку, фізичний розвиток, психофункціональні показники, адаптація до навчання, 6-year-old children, physical development, psychofunctional indicators, adaptation to training
Бібліографічний опис
Іванова, О. І. Комплексна оцінка фізичного розвитку та психофункціонального стану дітей 6-річного віку [Текст] / О. І. Іванова, Л. М. Басанець, О. І. Ніколаєнко // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, О. Є. Антонова, Дж. Бішоп та ін. – Суми : СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2014. – № 2 (36). – С. 137–144.