Изменение техники выполнения прыжка в шпагат в процессе тренировочного занятия
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Дата
2020
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
Целью исследования явилось определение эффективности обучения специальным гимнастическим упражнениям на основе биомеханического анализа движения. Для решения поставленной цели использовался метод позных ориентиров движения и метод миометрии. Выявлены основные параметры мышечного тонуса, эластичность скелетных мышц, уровень силового потенциала и эффективность мышечной работы. Определены количественные параметры серийности выполнения специального упражнения. Параметры функционального состояния скелетных мышц позволили оценить их вклад в обеспечение результативности гимнастического упражнения.
Increasing the role of individual control over the performance of movements and ensuring correction of training activities on the basis of individual perception of skeletal muscles loads of different directions is an important task. Qualified gymnasts took part in the study. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of training special gymnastic exercises based on biomechanical analysis of movement. To solve this goal, we used the method of paired landmarks of movement and the method of myometry. The initial, final, starting and a number of animated positions were identified, which allowed not only to identify the criteria for rationality of movement, but also typical errors that occur as a result of fatigue. A structural-phase model of performing a splits jump was built on the basis of different movement landmarks. Evaluation of changes in the performance of skeletal muscles was determined by serial performance of the exercise in one training session. Testing was performed after each serial repetition. Muscle tone at rest, skeletal muscle elasticity, level of strength potential and efficiency of tower work were evaluated. The main parameters of changes in the functional state of skeletal muscles are revealed. The quantitative parameters of the seriality of a special exercise are determined. Parameters of the functional state of skeletal muscles allowed us to evaluate the contribution of skeletal muscles to ensure the effectiveness of gymnastic exercises. The study revealed the appearance of typical errors when performing the exercise against the background of fatigue, namely: insufficient amplitude of movement at the moment of repulsion; the lack of synchronicity of the fixed position of the hands at the time of straightening the legs in the twine; at the moment of the unsupported phase, the torso is tilted forward, which reduces the height of the jump and can lead to a fall and injury; flexion of the legs at the knee joints at the moment of the twine position; landing on straight legs; relaxed landing and unnecessary movements, which make the body position limited-stable. In the future, it is expected to identify the biomechanical relationship of gymnastic exercises on kinematic and dynamic parameters of movement and quantitative parameters to ensure the effectiveness of motor activity.
Increasing the role of individual control over the performance of movements and ensuring correction of training activities on the basis of individual perception of skeletal muscles loads of different directions is an important task. Qualified gymnasts took part in the study. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of training special gymnastic exercises based on biomechanical analysis of movement. To solve this goal, we used the method of paired landmarks of movement and the method of myometry. The initial, final, starting and a number of animated positions were identified, which allowed not only to identify the criteria for rationality of movement, but also typical errors that occur as a result of fatigue. A structural-phase model of performing a splits jump was built on the basis of different movement landmarks. Evaluation of changes in the performance of skeletal muscles was determined by serial performance of the exercise in one training session. Testing was performed after each serial repetition. Muscle tone at rest, skeletal muscle elasticity, level of strength potential and efficiency of tower work were evaluated. The main parameters of changes in the functional state of skeletal muscles are revealed. The quantitative parameters of the seriality of a special exercise are determined. Parameters of the functional state of skeletal muscles allowed us to evaluate the contribution of skeletal muscles to ensure the effectiveness of gymnastic exercises. The study revealed the appearance of typical errors when performing the exercise against the background of fatigue, namely: insufficient amplitude of movement at the moment of repulsion; the lack of synchronicity of the fixed position of the hands at the time of straightening the legs in the twine; at the moment of the unsupported phase, the torso is tilted forward, which reduces the height of the jump and can lead to a fall and injury; flexion of the legs at the knee joints at the moment of the twine position; landing on straight legs; relaxed landing and unnecessary movements, which make the body position limited-stable. In the future, it is expected to identify the biomechanical relationship of gymnastic exercises on kinematic and dynamic parameters of movement and quantitative parameters to ensure the effectiveness of motor activity.
Опис
Ключові слова
граничные положения, скелетные мышцы, функциональное состояние, физические упражнения, boundary positions, skeletal muscles, functional state, physical exercises
Бібліографічний опис
Бондаренко, К. Изменение техники выполнения прыжка в шпагат в процессе тренировочного занятия [Текст] / К. Бондаренко, А. Бондаренко, А. Никитина // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, О. А. Біда, Ю. А. Бондаренко та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2020. – № 2 (96). – С. 327–336. – DOI: 10.24139/2312-5993/2020.02/327-336.