Психологічна підготовка легкоатлетів до змагального періоду в умовах сучасного спорту
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Дата
2022
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка
Анотація
У статті розглянуто проблему психологічної підготовки легкоатлетів до змагального періоду в у умовах сучасного спорту. Виокремлено критерії формування спортивного характеру; описано складові загальної психологічної готовності спортсмена до змагань.. Представлено передзмагальний період, який має чотири фази за рівнем активації та передстартової напруженості: перша фаза включає тривалий період і починається, коли спортсмен приймає рішення про виступ у конкретних змаганнях; друга фаза охоплює короткочасний період – від тренування до змагання; третя фаза – стартовий стан – настає при включенні спортсмена в атмосферу змагань; остання фаза – активації безпосередньо у змагальній діяльності. Описано метод ситуативного управління станом і поведінкою спортсмена в основі якого лежить процес секундування який включає в себе кілька етапів.
The article deals with the problem of psychological preparation of track and field athletes for the competition period in the conditions of modern sports. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate theoretical aspects of psychological preparation of track and field athletes for the competition period in the conditions of modern sports.The following methods were used in the study: theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature on the specified problem, observation, questioning, testing, pedagogical experiment, mathematical processing of data. Psychology distinguishes two types of psychological training before the competitions: general psychological training (carried out during every training session, as well as during athletes’ participation in the competitions) and special training for a particular competition. The following criteria of sports character formation are specified: stability of performances at the competitions, improvement of results from competition to competition, better results during the competitions in comparison with training results, better results than the previous performance. A classification of difficulties characteristic of sports activities is presented. The components of an athlete’s overall psychological readiness for competition are described: calmness (“equanimity”), self‐confidence, fighting spirit. The pre‐competition period is presented into four phases according to the level of activation and pre‐competition tension: the first phase includes a long period and begins when the athlete decides to perform in a specific competition; the second phase covers a short period – from training to competition; the third phase – the starting state – occurs when the athlete is included in the competition atmosphere; the last phase – activation directly in the competition activity. Based on the analysis of scientific research it is determined that the state of psychological readiness for competition includes. The method of situational management of the sportsman’s state and behaviour is described, which is based on the process of secunding which includes several stages. It is concluded that the state of psychological readiness for competitions includes manifestation of the sportsman’s personality as a whole and represents itself as a dynamic system, the elements of which are logically interconnected and insufficient development of even one of them is often the cause of a defeat of a highly qualified athlete at a high level competition. Therefore, psychological preparation of a track and field athlete in general and in the competition period in particular should take a significant place in formation of the sportsman’s form at all stages of the training process. The prospects for further research are seen in the development of innovative programs of psychological training and planning of individual psychological training of track and field athletes at different stages of the training process.
The article deals with the problem of psychological preparation of track and field athletes for the competition period in the conditions of modern sports. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate theoretical aspects of psychological preparation of track and field athletes for the competition period in the conditions of modern sports.The following methods were used in the study: theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature on the specified problem, observation, questioning, testing, pedagogical experiment, mathematical processing of data. Psychology distinguishes two types of psychological training before the competitions: general psychological training (carried out during every training session, as well as during athletes’ participation in the competitions) and special training for a particular competition. The following criteria of sports character formation are specified: stability of performances at the competitions, improvement of results from competition to competition, better results during the competitions in comparison with training results, better results than the previous performance. A classification of difficulties characteristic of sports activities is presented. The components of an athlete’s overall psychological readiness for competition are described: calmness (“equanimity”), self‐confidence, fighting spirit. The pre‐competition period is presented into four phases according to the level of activation and pre‐competition tension: the first phase includes a long period and begins when the athlete decides to perform in a specific competition; the second phase covers a short period – from training to competition; the third phase – the starting state – occurs when the athlete is included in the competition atmosphere; the last phase – activation directly in the competition activity. Based on the analysis of scientific research it is determined that the state of psychological readiness for competition includes. The method of situational management of the sportsman’s state and behaviour is described, which is based on the process of secunding which includes several stages. It is concluded that the state of psychological readiness for competitions includes manifestation of the sportsman’s personality as a whole and represents itself as a dynamic system, the elements of which are logically interconnected and insufficient development of even one of them is often the cause of a defeat of a highly qualified athlete at a high level competition. Therefore, psychological preparation of a track and field athlete in general and in the competition period in particular should take a significant place in formation of the sportsman’s form at all stages of the training process. The prospects for further research are seen in the development of innovative programs of psychological training and planning of individual psychological training of track and field athletes at different stages of the training process.
Опис
Ключові слова
легка атлетика, легкоатлети, психологічна підготовка, психічна готовність, рухові дії, спорт, athletics, track and field athletes, psychological training, mental readiness, motor actions, sport
Бібліографічний опис
Павленко І. Психологічна підготовка легкоатлетів до змагального періоду в умовах сучасного спорту [Текст] / І. Павленко, О. Сидоренко, Н. Скачедуб // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський державний педагогічний ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. А. Біда та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2022. – № 3 (117). – С. 138–150. – DOI: 10.24139/2312‐5993/2022.03/138‐150