Психологічний аналіз психоаналітичних практик дослідження духовності
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Дата
2014
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Анотація
У статті аналізуються психоаналітичні практики дослідження духовності, зокрема духовної кризи особистості. Охарактеризовано основні концептуальні положення теорій Г. Олпорта, З. Фройда, Е. Фромма, Е. Еріксона, К. Юнга щодо дослідження духовності особистості, її чинників, особливостей формування і розвитку.
У статті зроблено висновок, що в контексті сьогодення, коли більшість людей оцінюють власні вчинки з точки зору реалій чуттєво-сприйнятого світу, відповідно до яких вони є або корисними, або байдужими, необхідно визнати, що вони аж ніяк не співвідносяться з цариною духу, а лише засвідчують поглиблення бездуховності. Коли духовно людина перетинає межовий стан між добром та злом, вона фактично обирає деструктивний шлях. Це ще раз підтверджує амбівалентність сучасного життя, особливо в умовах духовної кризи, яка останнім часом набула системного характеру.
The article analyzes the psychoanalytic practice of studying spirituality, in particular spiritual identity crisis. The main conceptual points of the theories of G. Allport, Z. Freud, E. Fromm, E. Erikson, K. Jung on the spirituality in the study of personality, its criteria, the characteristics of the formation and development are described. It is necessary to remember that any crisis limits the freedom, which seeks every person. On the one hand, freedom makes people aware of their isolation, and on the other, during the crisis, its limitations enhances the feeling of irrationality of existence. The search for truth during the crisis can be dejected as the desire for freedom, but they always continue to exist in a person. Now, appearing in the situation of crisis, a person is seemed to have the freedom of choice, but, as E. Fromm says: «Freedom of choice is not a formal abstract ability that any person either «has» or «has not». To a greater extent it is the function of the character structure. Some people are not free to decide in favour of the good, because in the structure of their character is lost the ability to act in accordance with good. Some people have lost the ability to decide in favour of evil, as the structure of their character has lost the demand in evil». Because most people are able to choose, the freedom of their choice appears to be an element of behaviour that is a structural component of their character, thanks to which they can select between two real alternatives. The subjective perception of reality, that is, the subjective expectation of what might happen should in this situation have greater influence on people than all their past experience. It is concluded in the article that in the context of the present, when most people appreciate their actions from the point of view of the realities of the sensual perceived world, according to which they may be either useful or indifferent, we must recognize that they are out of tune with the sphere of the spirit, but only witness of deepening materialism. When spiritual person crosses the boundary between good and evil, he actually selects destructive path. This reaffirms the ambivalence of modern life, especially in terms of spiritual crisis, which recently acquired a systemic character. So, spirituality requires its revival and development, especially as the human ability to transcend the limitations imposed on real crisis.
The article analyzes the psychoanalytic practice of studying spirituality, in particular spiritual identity crisis. The main conceptual points of the theories of G. Allport, Z. Freud, E. Fromm, E. Erikson, K. Jung on the spirituality in the study of personality, its criteria, the characteristics of the formation and development are described. It is necessary to remember that any crisis limits the freedom, which seeks every person. On the one hand, freedom makes people aware of their isolation, and on the other, during the crisis, its limitations enhances the feeling of irrationality of existence. The search for truth during the crisis can be dejected as the desire for freedom, but they always continue to exist in a person. Now, appearing in the situation of crisis, a person is seemed to have the freedom of choice, but, as E. Fromm says: «Freedom of choice is not a formal abstract ability that any person either «has» or «has not». To a greater extent it is the function of the character structure. Some people are not free to decide in favour of the good, because in the structure of their character is lost the ability to act in accordance with good. Some people have lost the ability to decide in favour of evil, as the structure of their character has lost the demand in evil». Because most people are able to choose, the freedom of their choice appears to be an element of behaviour that is a structural component of their character, thanks to which they can select between two real alternatives. The subjective perception of reality, that is, the subjective expectation of what might happen should in this situation have greater influence on people than all their past experience. It is concluded in the article that in the context of the present, when most people appreciate their actions from the point of view of the realities of the sensual perceived world, according to which they may be either useful or indifferent, we must recognize that they are out of tune with the sphere of the spirit, but only witness of deepening materialism. When spiritual person crosses the boundary between good and evil, he actually selects destructive path. This reaffirms the ambivalence of modern life, especially in terms of spiritual crisis, which recently acquired a systemic character. So, spirituality requires its revival and development, especially as the human ability to transcend the limitations imposed on real crisis.
Опис
Ключові слова
особистість, духовність, криза, духовна криза, психоаналіз, несвідоме, самореалізація, personality, spirituality, crisis, spiritual crisis, psychoanalysis, unconscious, self-actualization
Бібліографічний опис
Щербакова, І. М. Психологічний аналіз психоаналітичних практик дослідження духовності [Текст] / І. М. Щербакова // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, О. Є. Антонова, Дж. Бішоп та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2014. – № 1 (35). – С. 425–432.