Психологічна гіпотеза пасіонарних поштовхів теорії етногенезу Л. Гумільова
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2019
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Анотація
У статті представлено альтернативний підхід до виникнення пасіонарних поштовхів – найбільш спірної частини «пасіонарної теорії етногенезу». Для вивчення причин масової появи пасіонаріїв, було проведено асоціативний експеримент, у якому брали участь 100 двомовних та 100 змішаномовних осіб, які дали асоціативні реакції на 30 стимулів. Виявлено збільшення асоціацій за контрастом у сучасної української молоді у порівнянні з дослідженнями інших авторів двадцятирічної давності. Встановлено більшу кількість асоціацій за контрастом у студентів, які розмовляють у побуті російською мовою, порівняно з україномовними студентами. У змішаномовних осіб, незважаючи на значне переважання українських слів над російськими в їхній мові, спостерігаються асоціативні реакції більш схожі на асоціації російськомовних аніж україномовних респондентів. Порівнюючи асоціації респондентів у залежності від їх мови у побуті, доводиться, що поширення суржику є однією з причин пасіонарних поштовхів, викликаних зміною домінуючих асоціацій, які можуть передаватися нащадкам в умовах двомовності чи змішаномовності.
The article presents an alternative approach to appearance of passionate drives, which is the most controversial part of the passionate theory of ethnogenesis proposed by L. Gumilev. In order to study the causes of mass emergence of passionate people, an associative experiment was conducted; 100 bilingual and 100 mixed-language (Ukrainian-Russian) respondents participated in it, they gave associative responses to 30 incentives from the core of the linguistic consciousness. The influence of mixed-language speech on the dominant individual associative reactions on the same stimulus was investigated. The increased number of associations of contrariety was revealed at modern Ukrainian youth in comparison with studies of other authors made twenty years ago. There are meore associations of contrariety at students who speak Russian in everyday life, in comparison with that of Ukrainian-speaking students; that, in our opinion, is related to the amalgamation of the Russian language. As for mixed-language people, despite the significant predominance of Ukrainian words over Russian ones in their language, their associative reactions are more similar to associations of Russian-speaking respondents than that of Ukrainian-speaking people. In particular, they show more dominant associations and associations of contrariety. Mixed-language respondents have associations of contrariety created by using of “not” prefix or preposition with the formation of words that are not common to both languages, indicating the emergence of intentions for opposition, as one of the ethnogenesis factors. Comparing the respondent’s associative responses depending on languages used by them in everyday life, we can argue that language is the system of organization and functioning of associative fields, and mixed-language speech enhances some associative relations and weakens others, promotes differentiation of intentions, their amplification or weakening simultaneously at many people. The article proves that the spread of “surzhyk” (mixed Russian-Ukrainian dialect) is one of the causes of passionate drives fuelled by changed dominant associations that can be passed on to descendants in conditions of bilingualism or mixed-lanquage speech.
The article presents an alternative approach to appearance of passionate drives, which is the most controversial part of the passionate theory of ethnogenesis proposed by L. Gumilev. In order to study the causes of mass emergence of passionate people, an associative experiment was conducted; 100 bilingual and 100 mixed-language (Ukrainian-Russian) respondents participated in it, they gave associative responses to 30 incentives from the core of the linguistic consciousness. The influence of mixed-language speech on the dominant individual associative reactions on the same stimulus was investigated. The increased number of associations of contrariety was revealed at modern Ukrainian youth in comparison with studies of other authors made twenty years ago. There are meore associations of contrariety at students who speak Russian in everyday life, in comparison with that of Ukrainian-speaking students; that, in our opinion, is related to the amalgamation of the Russian language. As for mixed-language people, despite the significant predominance of Ukrainian words over Russian ones in their language, their associative reactions are more similar to associations of Russian-speaking respondents than that of Ukrainian-speaking people. In particular, they show more dominant associations and associations of contrariety. Mixed-language respondents have associations of contrariety created by using of “not” prefix or preposition with the formation of words that are not common to both languages, indicating the emergence of intentions for opposition, as one of the ethnogenesis factors. Comparing the respondent’s associative responses depending on languages used by them in everyday life, we can argue that language is the system of organization and functioning of associative fields, and mixed-language speech enhances some associative relations and weakens others, promotes differentiation of intentions, their amplification or weakening simultaneously at many people. The article proves that the spread of “surzhyk” (mixed Russian-Ukrainian dialect) is one of the causes of passionate drives fuelled by changed dominant associations that can be passed on to descendants in conditions of bilingualism or mixed-lanquage speech.
Опис
Ключові слова
асоціація, білінгвізм, етногенез, пасіонарність, українсько-російський суржик, association, bilingualism, ethnogenesis, passionarity, Ukrainian-Russian surzhyk
Бібліографічний опис
Бедлінський, О. І. Психологічна гіпотеза пасіонарних поштовхів теорії етногенезу Л. Гумільова [Електронний ресурс] / О. І. Бедлінський // Психологічний часопис. – 2019. – № 5 (11). – С. 90–105. – Режим доступу : https://www.apsijournal.com/index.php/psyjournal/article/view/745