Толерантність як актуальна проблема виховання в закладах дошкільної освіти

Abstract

Предметом дослідження є толерантність як одна з характеристик особистості та пріоритетна проблема виховання в закладах дошкільної освіти. Метою виступає аналіз сучасних підходів до проблеми толерантності, визначення завдань та напрямів формування толерантності дітей у закладах дошкільної освіти. У статті використані методи теоретичного аналізу наукових джерел з проблеми дослідження, також застосовано метод систематизації, порівняння, узагальнення спеціальної літератури. Автор охарактеризував основні завдання формування толерантності, визначив принципи, критерії та показники педагогічної толерантності, запропонував методичний комплекс для формування толерантності дітей у закладах дошкільної освіти.

One of the key competences that determine a child’s intellectual and personal development is the person’s willingness and ability to live and constructively interact in a multiformat multicultural world, that is, tolerance as a special characteristic of the individual. The purpose of our study is to analyze current approaches to the problem of tolerance, to define the tasks and directions of formation of children ’s tolerance in preschool education institutions. Methods of research: in the process of scientific research we have used theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the problem of research, the method of systematization, comparison and generalization of specialized literature. Tolerance means respect, perception and understanding of the rich diversity of cultures in our world, forms of self-expression and self-identification of the human personality. Knowledge, openness, communication and freedom of thought, conscience and beliefs contribute to the formation of tolerance. In the pedagogical sense tolerance is characterized as communication between teachers and students, which is built on the creation of optimal conditions that contribute to the formation of culture of communication among students, respect for an individual personality, the ability to express own opinions freely. It is justified that the best age to begin purposeful formation of tolerance is senior preschool age. The reasons for this are beginning of active development of the individual, during this period value foundations of the outlook are laid. The basic factors of development of intolerance are analyzed, the leading tasks of formation of tolerance are defined, the main directions of formation of tolerance of preschool children are characterized. The set of methods and techniques for the formation of tolerance of children of preschool education institutions has been created, the criteria and indicators, the guiding principles of pedagogical tolerance have been determined. Among the factors that influence the productivity of the process of formation of preschool children’s tolerance, we consider it appropriate to identify separately the level of education of the teachers and parents on tolerance issues as well as emotionally balanced environment. This may be the basis for further research. The ability of one’s own behavior and example to engage others in the positions of tolerance is essential for preschool teachers and very important for the development of tolerance of preschool children.