К проблеме понятий воображаемое и фантазия в аналитической психологии и философии К. Г. Юнга

Abstract

В статье анализируется комплекс вопросов, связанных с пониманием и интерпретацией концептов «воображаемое» и «фантазия» в философско-психологическом дискурсе. Рассматриваются концептуальные отличия методологических подходов к проблеме воображаемого и фантазии в классическом психоанализе и аналитической психологии. Показано, что в русле психоаналитической проблематики, а именно с позиций аналитической психологии К. Г. Юнга воображение не имеет ничего общего с фантазией, как в научно-прикладном, так и в повседневном (обыденном смысле).

The article is devoted to the relevant and poorly studied topic. The issues complex related to the understanding and interpretation of the concepts of «imaginary» and «fantasy» in philosophical and psychological discourse are analyzed. The methodology development for studying the «imaginary» problem in the psychoanalysis context is caused by the fact that traditional scientific, psychological and philosophical approaches today show insufficient efficiency, since they are not able to adequately explain this phenomenon. Active imagination implies that the images represented by the subject live their own lives, and symbolic events act in accordance with their own logic. K. G. Jung suggested that if the patient simply focused on an imaginary picture, the unconscious would begin to produce a series of images adding up to the plot. It is shown that the fantasy problem as such an imaginary construct in particular was considered by philosophers and psychologists in the classical rationality context, and this is a vector that explicates these phenomena through the consciousness prism. Classical psychoanalysis and the psychoanalytic theories generated by it (in all fundamental manifestations) as the embodiment of nonclassical psychology arise in an epistemological crisis, in an atmosphere of general theoretical debate about the psychic nature based on scientific determinism, highlighting the unconscious idea. Thus, psychoanalysis considers these phenomena not only through consciousness, but in the dynamic interaction context of conscious and unconscious processes. The conceptual differences of methodological approaches to the problem of imaginary and fantasy in classical psychoanalysis and analytical psychology are considered. It is shown that in the mainstream of psychoanalytic problems, namely, from the standpoint of K. G. Jungʼs analytical psychology, the imaginary has nothing equal with fantasy, both in the scientifically-applied and in the daily activities (everyday sense).