Преса української еміграції як джерело вивчення культури, освіти та повсякденного життя українців (1920-ті роки)
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Дата
2019
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
Проаналізовано українські періодичні видання діаспори (1920-ті роки) в якості джерела вивчення культури, освіти, повсякденного життя українців, які мешкали на окупованій більшовиками території та за кордонами України. На основі вивчення низки періодичних видань української еміграції з’ясовано, що публікації широко висвітлюють життя українців як за межами рідної землі, так і в різних країнах світу. Вибірка видань, які були вивчені, ґрунтується на тому, що кожне з них представляло певну громадську чи політичну спільноту, яка мала власний погляд на соціокультурні процеси та ставлення до них. З’ясовано, що багато матеріалів української зарубіжної преси в міжвоєнний період було присвячено питанням розвитку української культури, освіти, зокрема, становищу освітян та діяльності закладів освіти. Проілюстровано актуальні проблеми повсякдення українців, розділених кордонами між різними країнами.
The aim of the article is to analyze the press of Ukrainian emigration as a source for studying the culture, education, and daily life of Ukrainians in the 1920s. When writing, we used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, chronological, logical, synchronous, methods of researching historical sources (defining time and place of the historical source, finding out the circumstances of the origin of the historical source, verifying the content of the historical source). There are a number of sources that make it possible to study the issues of socio-cultural development. Among the mentioned sources, which illustrate the life of Ukrainians in 1920s, one can single out the press. Periodicals of the Ukrainian diaspora have a certain ideological position. Compared to the newspapers and magazines of Ukraine, which was under the Bolshevik occupation, the press of Ukrainian emigration had much more opportunities to cover objectively the problems of development of education, culture on Ukrainian lands and in emigration. In the USSR, it was impossible to objectively cover public processes in view of the totalitarian regime. We can check the objectivity of information in periodicals of Ukrainian emigration by studying archival documents, analyzing the memories of eyewitnesses of historical events. Scientific publications devoted to this historical period show that, as a whole, the foreign press material, for the most part, objectively covers the directions of development of culture, education, daily life of the Ukrainians who lived under the Bolshevik occupation. The foreign press is a very valuable source for us in the context of studying the cultural processes among Ukrainians scattered among different countries. The Ukrainian emigrant press of the 1920s has broadly presented issues concerning the current problems of formation and development of Ukrainian culture (literature, art, theater). In some periodicals considerable attention was paid to the situation of Ukrainian education both in the Ukrainian lands under the rule of the Bolsheviks and in the Ukrainian territories within Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, in the countries of Western Europe, America. A number of periodicals attempted to cover and analyze the daily lives of Ukrainians. The life of the Ukrainian peasantry under the Bolshevik authorities, the attitude of the Ukrainian village to the city, to the officials and authorities were covered. The pages of emigrant periodicals highlight complex relations in the Ukrainian environment. The Ukrainian immigrant press can serve as a source for studying the culture, education, and everyday life of Ukrainians. The press of Ukrainian emigration as a historical source of daily life of Ukrainians in their ethnic territory and in emigration is analyzed. The results of the study can serve for preparation of lectures, educational programs on the history of Ukrainian culture, history of Ukrainian press, history of Ukrainian emigration.
The aim of the article is to analyze the press of Ukrainian emigration as a source for studying the culture, education, and daily life of Ukrainians in the 1920s. When writing, we used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, chronological, logical, synchronous, methods of researching historical sources (defining time and place of the historical source, finding out the circumstances of the origin of the historical source, verifying the content of the historical source). There are a number of sources that make it possible to study the issues of socio-cultural development. Among the mentioned sources, which illustrate the life of Ukrainians in 1920s, one can single out the press. Periodicals of the Ukrainian diaspora have a certain ideological position. Compared to the newspapers and magazines of Ukraine, which was under the Bolshevik occupation, the press of Ukrainian emigration had much more opportunities to cover objectively the problems of development of education, culture on Ukrainian lands and in emigration. In the USSR, it was impossible to objectively cover public processes in view of the totalitarian regime. We can check the objectivity of information in periodicals of Ukrainian emigration by studying archival documents, analyzing the memories of eyewitnesses of historical events. Scientific publications devoted to this historical period show that, as a whole, the foreign press material, for the most part, objectively covers the directions of development of culture, education, daily life of the Ukrainians who lived under the Bolshevik occupation. The foreign press is a very valuable source for us in the context of studying the cultural processes among Ukrainians scattered among different countries. The Ukrainian emigrant press of the 1920s has broadly presented issues concerning the current problems of formation and development of Ukrainian culture (literature, art, theater). In some periodicals considerable attention was paid to the situation of Ukrainian education both in the Ukrainian lands under the rule of the Bolsheviks and in the Ukrainian territories within Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, in the countries of Western Europe, America. A number of periodicals attempted to cover and analyze the daily lives of Ukrainians. The life of the Ukrainian peasantry under the Bolshevik authorities, the attitude of the Ukrainian village to the city, to the officials and authorities were covered. The pages of emigrant periodicals highlight complex relations in the Ukrainian environment. The Ukrainian immigrant press can serve as a source for studying the culture, education, and everyday life of Ukrainians. The press of Ukrainian emigration as a historical source of daily life of Ukrainians in their ethnic territory and in emigration is analyzed. The results of the study can serve for preparation of lectures, educational programs on the history of Ukrainian culture, history of Ukrainian press, history of Ukrainian emigration.
Опис
Ключові слова
преса, журнал, культура, освіта, джерело, повсякденне життя, еміграція, українці, press, magazine, culture, education, source, daily life, emigration, Ukrainians
Бібліографічний опис
Вовк, О. В. Преса української еміграції як джерело вивчення культури, освіти та повсякденного життя українців (1920-ті роки) [Текст] / О. В. Вовк // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2019. – № 6 (90). – С. 210–225.