Досвід подолання дитячої безпритульності у СРСР та Європі у 1920-1930 рр.
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Дата
2018
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
У статті розглядається проблема вивчення соціально-педагогічного явища дитячої безпритульності у 1920-1930 рр. З'ясовано основні групи причин (економічних, соціальних, політичних, психологічних) появи безпритульних дітей в Україні, СРСР та Європі. Проаналізовано вітчизняний та міжнародний досвід подолання масового соціально-педагогічного явища дитячої безпритульності. Здійснено спробу довести, що поява спеціалізованих закладів соціального виховання в досліджуваний період внесла позитивні корективи в подолання явищ безпритульності та бездоглядності дітей.
The article deals with the issue of the socio-pedagogical phenomenon of child homelessness in the 1920-1930's. The overcoming of child homelessness and neglect during the mentioned period as a threatening social anomaly required urgent measures from state authorities and the public. The main reasons (economic, social, political, psychological) of emergence of child homelessness in Ukraine, in the USSR and Europe are found out. The Ukrainian and foreign experience of avoiding the social-pedagogical phenomenon of child homelessness is analyzed. In order to achieve the aim of the study, such research methods as general science method (analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization); specific scientific methods (terminological, historically-comparative) are used. An attempt is made to prove that emergence of specialized institutions of social education in the period under study made positive corrections in overcoming the phenomena of child homelessness and neglect. It is established that the phenomenon of child homelessness has become threatening in many countries of the world after the World War I. The combination of such reasons as economic, social, political, psychological and others, influenced the distribution of this phenomenon. Our investigation gives grounds to assert that the Soviet Union (which included part of the territory of Ukraine) suffered the most of such social phenomenon as child homelessness. An important step in avoiding the phenomenon of child homelessness was permission of the Bolshevik Party for the activities of international public charitable organizations. Foreign humanitarian organizations helped to stabilize the situation with the salvation of children, especially neglected. It is found out, that international charity organizations became the source of finances and that the Soviet authorities lacked in order to solve the investigated problem. The Civil organizations for the help of children were the Ukrainian Red Cross and the branches of Friends of Children Company. Public organizations, together with government agencies, provided the following forms of overcoming child homelessness: taking children away from the street, placement of children in special institutions, patronage, weeks and months of child care. There were preventive measures, which included material assistance to children from suffering families, providing food products, keeping health-improving companies, etc. Perspective, in our opinion, may be research related to the assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken to overcome child homelessness and neglect in the mentioned period.
The article deals with the issue of the socio-pedagogical phenomenon of child homelessness in the 1920-1930's. The overcoming of child homelessness and neglect during the mentioned period as a threatening social anomaly required urgent measures from state authorities and the public. The main reasons (economic, social, political, psychological) of emergence of child homelessness in Ukraine, in the USSR and Europe are found out. The Ukrainian and foreign experience of avoiding the social-pedagogical phenomenon of child homelessness is analyzed. In order to achieve the aim of the study, such research methods as general science method (analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization); specific scientific methods (terminological, historically-comparative) are used. An attempt is made to prove that emergence of specialized institutions of social education in the period under study made positive corrections in overcoming the phenomena of child homelessness and neglect. It is established that the phenomenon of child homelessness has become threatening in many countries of the world after the World War I. The combination of such reasons as economic, social, political, psychological and others, influenced the distribution of this phenomenon. Our investigation gives grounds to assert that the Soviet Union (which included part of the territory of Ukraine) suffered the most of such social phenomenon as child homelessness. An important step in avoiding the phenomenon of child homelessness was permission of the Bolshevik Party for the activities of international public charitable organizations. Foreign humanitarian organizations helped to stabilize the situation with the salvation of children, especially neglected. It is found out, that international charity organizations became the source of finances and that the Soviet authorities lacked in order to solve the investigated problem. The Civil organizations for the help of children were the Ukrainian Red Cross and the branches of Friends of Children Company. Public organizations, together with government agencies, provided the following forms of overcoming child homelessness: taking children away from the street, placement of children in special institutions, patronage, weeks and months of child care. There were preventive measures, which included material assistance to children from suffering families, providing food products, keeping health-improving companies, etc. Perspective, in our opinion, may be research related to the assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken to overcome child homelessness and neglect in the mentioned period.
Опис
Ключові слова
безпритульні діти, бездоглядність, досвід подолання дитячої безпритульності, СРСР, Європа, 1920–1930 рр., homeless children, neglect, experience of overcoming child homelessness, USSR, Europe, 1920–1930
Бібліографічний опис
Козлова, О. Досвід подолання дитячої безпритульності у СРСР та Європі у 1920–1930 рр. [Текст] / О. Козлова, О. Штань // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2018. – № 9 (83). – С. 135–145.