Організація шкільної освіти України на початку ХХ століття
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Дата
2018
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Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
Метою статті є висвітлення основних тенденцій організації шкільної освіти України на початку ХХ століття. На різних етапах наукового пошуку використано комплекс взаємодоповнювальних методів досліджень: системно-історичний, хронологічний і діахронний; емпіричні методи; структурно-системний аналіз; компаративний аналіз.
У процесі дослідження виявлено, що реформоутворювальною домінантою розвитку освіти початку XX століття було посилення громадської ініціативи, вплив громадської думки на організацію і розроблення програм народної школи. Бюрократичний лад школи з її релігійно-монархічними тенденціями поступово змінював парадигмальні орієнтири та організаційні засади шкільної освіти.
The aim of the article is to highlight the main tendencies of the organization of school education in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. At the different stages of scientific research a complex of complementary research methods has been used: systemic-historical (the consideration of historical preconditions for updating the purpose, content and organizational forms of school education), chronological and diachronic (study of the organization of school education and its periodization); empirical methods (summarizing of documents, which reflect the organizational principles, theory and practice of school education in different historical periods); structural and system analysis (analysis and generalization of the practice of organization of school education); comparative analysis (comparison in the diachronic plane of the theory and practice of teaching students at different stages of the development of school education). Socio-economic realities of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century predetermine the finding the ways of reformation of the school system. In particular, a number of draft documents were developed based on socio-pedagogical thought. In general, the reform of the early 20th century, despite the great crowd pressure, did not change authoritarian school education in the Ukrainian lands. The processes of the reforming of Ukrainian schools after the February Revolution (1917) are marked by the updating of the content of general education. The organization of school education was changed, in particular its structure. In the 20-30's of the 20th century the foundations of reforming school education on the principles of polytechnics were laid. The analysis of archival documents shows that the tendency of this period was the Ukrainianization of school. In the course of the research it was found that the reforming dominant of the development of education at the beginning of the 20th century was the strengthening of public initiative, the influence of public opinion on the development of the program of the public school and its implementation. The bureaucratic system of the school with its religious-monarchical tendencies gradually changed the paradigmatic landmarks and organizational principles of school education. Reforming school education in the period under consideration is marked by an increasing public initiative and showing of social and democratic tendencies.
The aim of the article is to highlight the main tendencies of the organization of school education in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. At the different stages of scientific research a complex of complementary research methods has been used: systemic-historical (the consideration of historical preconditions for updating the purpose, content and organizational forms of school education), chronological and diachronic (study of the organization of school education and its periodization); empirical methods (summarizing of documents, which reflect the organizational principles, theory and practice of school education in different historical periods); structural and system analysis (analysis and generalization of the practice of organization of school education); comparative analysis (comparison in the diachronic plane of the theory and practice of teaching students at different stages of the development of school education). Socio-economic realities of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century predetermine the finding the ways of reformation of the school system. In particular, a number of draft documents were developed based on socio-pedagogical thought. In general, the reform of the early 20th century, despite the great crowd pressure, did not change authoritarian school education in the Ukrainian lands. The processes of the reforming of Ukrainian schools after the February Revolution (1917) are marked by the updating of the content of general education. The organization of school education was changed, in particular its structure. In the 20-30's of the 20th century the foundations of reforming school education on the principles of polytechnics were laid. The analysis of archival documents shows that the tendency of this period was the Ukrainianization of school. In the course of the research it was found that the reforming dominant of the development of education at the beginning of the 20th century was the strengthening of public initiative, the influence of public opinion on the development of the program of the public school and its implementation. The bureaucratic system of the school with its religious-monarchical tendencies gradually changed the paradigmatic landmarks and organizational principles of school education. Reforming school education in the period under consideration is marked by an increasing public initiative and showing of social and democratic tendencies.
Опис
Ключові слова
шкільна освіта, політехнізація навчання, українізація школи, реформування освіти, організаційні засади шкільної освіти, school education, polytechnics education, Ukrainianization of school, education reform, organizational principles of school education
Бібліографічний опис
Жорова, І. Я. Організація шкільної освіти України на початку ХХ століття [Текст] / І. Я. Жорова // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2018. – № 7 (81). – С. 111–121.