Інклюзивний освітній простір ЗВО України: сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку

Abstract

У статті досліджено проблему навчання осіб з особливими потребами у вітчизняних ЗВО. Проаналізовано нормативно-правове забезпечення доступності вищої освіти для осіб із особливими потребами. Охарактеризовано інтегроване й інклюзивне навчання студентів в університетах України. Представлено наявний досвід ЗВО України щодо імплементації інклюзивного навчання, зокрема досвід забезпечення рівного доступу до навчального середовища Університету «Україна». Визначено напрями вдосконалення інклюзивного навчання у вишах України на основі дослідження зарубіжного досвіду.

The article deals with the problem of education of the individuals with special needs in Ukrainian universities. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state policy of ensuring the right to education of persons with special needs, to identify the directions of improvement of the system of inclusive education in Ukrainian higher education institutions. There are several forms of education for the individuals with special needs. It includes education in special groups for students with special needs in accordance with nosologies; in integrated groups without providing the necessary support; and in inclusive groups, that includes support, provided by specially created departments of universities. Inclusive model of education involves not only the inclusion of people with special needs in the general educational space, but also it ensures equal access to quality education by organizing education process based on the application of personality-oriented teaching methods and taking into account individual characteristics. The leader in the implementation of the inclusive model is the Open International University of Human Development "Ukraine". The University "Ukraine" has developed an effective system of support for students with special needs, which should ensure equal access to education, eliminate or minimize barriers in the learning process of students with special educational needs. Support for students with special needs is carried out in the following directions: pedagogical, technical, medical and rehabilitation, psychological, social, sports, professional adaptation and rehabilitation. The study reveals the directions of improvement of inclusive education system in universities, in particular: formation of a tolerant attitude towards people with special needs; development of an effective mechanism of interaction between all participants in the educational process; revision of normative legal documents and appropriate financing; creation of a barrier-free environment at universities; creation of a state coordination center. Further research is seen in the investigation of the possibilities of using foreign experience in the process of implementation of inclusive model in Ukrainian higher education institutions.