Контроль адаптаційних можливостей школярів на заняттях з футболу у процесі фізичного виховання
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Дата
2017
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
За даними показників надповільної біоелектричної активності головного мозку (омега-потенціалу) й варіабельності серцевого ритму, як критеріїв адаптаційних можливостей центральної нервової та серцево-судинної систем, вивчено функціональний стан і термінові реакції школярів-хлопчиків 13–14 років при заняттях футболом у процесі фізичного виховання. Установлено рівні мобілізації функціональних резервів, які характеризують фізіологічну «ціну» адаптації дитячого організму відповідно до спрямування й величини фізичних навантажень. Показано, що при їх неадекватності у процесі навчально-тренувального заняття реєструються різке збільшення індексу напруги (у 8–10 разів) та глибоке зниження омега-потенціалу (понад 50 %), що свідчить про перенапруження регуляторних механізмів адаптації.
The present research involves 19 pupils of the 6–8th grades, going in for football extracurricular activities for 90 minutes three times a week, who have been examined here. The monitoring of schoolchildren’s adaptive abilities has been carried out at definite periods of the lessons differentiated into three types of orientation – moderate, average and competitive intensity. According to the values of superslow bioelectrical brain activity (omega-potential) and variability of heart rate, being the criteria of central nervous and cardiovascular system, the current functional states and urgent reactions of pupils, boys, aged 13–14, have been studied at the football lessons within the physical training process. There has been determined personal and group levels of functional reserves mobilization, characterizing the physiological “value” of children’s organism adaptation due to the amount of physical loading intended. It has been found out that training lessons with moderate and average intensity among the majority of pupils are accompanied with optimal shifts of registered indexes of central nervous and cardiovascular system. The physical loadings of high intensity conducted in the circumstances of increased motivation (competitions) are characterized by greater stability of physiological processes regulation mechanisms and by a relatively high rate of rehabilitation. It has been revealed that inadequate physical loadings in the process of learningtraining lesson result in registered pupils sharp increase of tension index (in 5–8 times) and deep decrease of omega-potential (more than 50 %), which gives evidence of regulatory mechanisms of adaptation overstrain. One can assert that the use of omega-potential dynamics and heart rate variability data on various stages of educational process and at any particular lesson allows to obtain objective information about adaptive abilities of pupils doing sports and to implement control (correction) over physical training of schoolchildren. Prospects of the further researches consist in expanding the contingent of pupils by age and sex signs identifying features of the formation and development of Adaptive possibilities for sports, means and methods of physical education schoolchildren and athletes.
The present research involves 19 pupils of the 6–8th grades, going in for football extracurricular activities for 90 minutes three times a week, who have been examined here. The monitoring of schoolchildren’s adaptive abilities has been carried out at definite periods of the lessons differentiated into three types of orientation – moderate, average and competitive intensity. According to the values of superslow bioelectrical brain activity (omega-potential) and variability of heart rate, being the criteria of central nervous and cardiovascular system, the current functional states and urgent reactions of pupils, boys, aged 13–14, have been studied at the football lessons within the physical training process. There has been determined personal and group levels of functional reserves mobilization, characterizing the physiological “value” of children’s organism adaptation due to the amount of physical loading intended. It has been found out that training lessons with moderate and average intensity among the majority of pupils are accompanied with optimal shifts of registered indexes of central nervous and cardiovascular system. The physical loadings of high intensity conducted in the circumstances of increased motivation (competitions) are characterized by greater stability of physiological processes regulation mechanisms and by a relatively high rate of rehabilitation. It has been revealed that inadequate physical loadings in the process of learningtraining lesson result in registered pupils sharp increase of tension index (in 5–8 times) and deep decrease of omega-potential (more than 50 %), which gives evidence of regulatory mechanisms of adaptation overstrain. One can assert that the use of omega-potential dynamics and heart rate variability data on various stages of educational process and at any particular lesson allows to obtain objective information about adaptive abilities of pupils doing sports and to implement control (correction) over physical training of schoolchildren. Prospects of the further researches consist in expanding the contingent of pupils by age and sex signs identifying features of the formation and development of Adaptive possibilities for sports, means and methods of physical education schoolchildren and athletes.
Опис
Ключові слова
школярі, фізичне навантаження, заняття футболом, адаптаційні можливості, надповільні біоелектричні процеси, серцевий ритм, schoolchildren, physical loading, football lessons, adaptive abilities, superslow bioelectrical processes, heart rate
Бібліографічний опис
Босенко, А. Контроль адаптаційних можливостей школярів на заняттях з футболу у процесі фізичного виховання [Текст] / А. Босенко // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова [та ін.]. – Суми : Вид-во СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2017. – № 4 (68). – С. 35–48.