Міжнародна студентська мобільність в Китаї: етапи та тенденції розвитку
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Дата
2022
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка
Анотація
У статті здійснено термінологічний аналіз поняттєвого апарату дослідження. Схарактеризовано широку сукупність концептуальних підходів до аналізу досліджуваної проблеми (ідеалізм, інструменталізм, едукаціоналізм (Дж. Стір); раціональний підхід (Дж.Найт); push‐pull model (Т. Мацарол та Дж.Сутар); неолібералізм, розвивально‐державний підхід, підхід «м’якої сили» та культурний підхід (Вен Вен)). Окреслено етапи розвитку міжнародної студентської мобільності в Китаї (в’їзна мобільність) з урахуванням суспільно‐політичних та соціально‐економічних пріоритетів держави. Висвітлено актуальні тенденції та ризики подальшого розвитку досліджуваного феномену.
The purpose of the article is to characterize the conceptual approaches, stages, trends and risks of development of international (inbound) student mobility in China. Generalization of analytical sources on the problem of research made it possible to distinguish leading conceptual approaches to its characteristics on ideological (idealism, instrumentalism and educationalism, neoliberalism, multiculturalism), political (developmental‐state approach), organizational (rational approach), motivation) (the "soft power" approach) levels of consideration. The application of the method of chronological analysis allowed to characterize the stages of development of ISM in China, which take into account, first of all, the socio‐political and socio‐economic priorities of China. The following stages are: 1)1950s‐early 1980s: serving state interests, orientation in favor of national diplomacy and internal needs of the country; 2) 1985‐mid‐1990s: organizational and institutional development of the ISM system on the basis of strengthening the role of market relations and expanding the autonomous powers of the HEIs to foreign students; 3) mid‐1990s‐early 2000s: dramatic development of ISM with a focus on neoliberalism; 4) the beginning of the 21st century ‐ till present: the revival of nationalism in the internationalization of higher education. The use of the method of causal analysis allowed us to establish a range of factors that have a positive or negative impact on the trends of ISM development in China. It is shown that the positive influence is due to the following factors: intensive socio‐economic development of the country as the knowledge economy, the transformation of higher education into productive force, which makes a specific contribution to the transformation of the country into a global economy and an international higher education hub. The negative impact that leads to risks is made by factors such as the Covid‐19 pandemic as it caused the economic growth of the country, global exacerbation of political and economic confrontation in the modern world. The need for a holistic consideration of the trends and risks of ISM's development led to clarifying the political, economic, cultural and educational dimensions of their consideration.
The purpose of the article is to characterize the conceptual approaches, stages, trends and risks of development of international (inbound) student mobility in China. Generalization of analytical sources on the problem of research made it possible to distinguish leading conceptual approaches to its characteristics on ideological (idealism, instrumentalism and educationalism, neoliberalism, multiculturalism), political (developmental‐state approach), organizational (rational approach), motivation) (the "soft power" approach) levels of consideration. The application of the method of chronological analysis allowed to characterize the stages of development of ISM in China, which take into account, first of all, the socio‐political and socio‐economic priorities of China. The following stages are: 1)1950s‐early 1980s: serving state interests, orientation in favor of national diplomacy and internal needs of the country; 2) 1985‐mid‐1990s: organizational and institutional development of the ISM system on the basis of strengthening the role of market relations and expanding the autonomous powers of the HEIs to foreign students; 3) mid‐1990s‐early 2000s: dramatic development of ISM with a focus on neoliberalism; 4) the beginning of the 21st century ‐ till present: the revival of nationalism in the internationalization of higher education. The use of the method of causal analysis allowed us to establish a range of factors that have a positive or negative impact on the trends of ISM development in China. It is shown that the positive influence is due to the following factors: intensive socio‐economic development of the country as the knowledge economy, the transformation of higher education into productive force, which makes a specific contribution to the transformation of the country into a global economy and an international higher education hub. The negative impact that leads to risks is made by factors such as the Covid‐19 pandemic as it caused the economic growth of the country, global exacerbation of political and economic confrontation in the modern world. The need for a holistic consideration of the trends and risks of ISM's development led to clarifying the political, economic, cultural and educational dimensions of their consideration.
Опис
Ключові слова
вища освіта, Китай, міжнародна студентська мобільність, в’їзна мобільність, мотиви, етапи, тенденції, Higher education, China, international student mobility, inbound mobility, motives, stages, trends
Бібліографічний опис
Їн Чу Міжнародна студентська мобільність в Китаї: етапи та тенденції розвитку [Текст] / Їн Чу, А. Сбруєва // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський державний педагогічний ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. А. Біда та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2022. – № 4 (118). – С. 208–226. – DOI: 10.24139/2312‐5993/2022.04/208‐226