Види і причини порушень постави в сагітальній площині у дітей раннього і дошкільного віку із затримкою психомоторного розвитку
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Дата
2019
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
Метою даної статті є створення класифікації порушень постави в сагітальній площині дітей раннього та дошкільного віку з затримкою психомоторного розвитку. Аналіз літературних джерел дозволив виділити основні етіологічні ознаки порушень постави в даної категорії дітей, що дозволило визначити їх у блоки та сформувати класифікацію порушень постави, яка полегшує педагогам орієнтування у відхиленнях постави в дітей. Перспективи подальших досліджень можуть полягати в більш докладній деталізації причинно-наслідкових відносин етіології і патогенезу порушень постави в сагітальній площині.
Now, disorders of posture in the sagittal plane in children occupy one of the leading places in the pathology of the musculoskeletal system and make up 70–80 % in preschool children. This indicates the relevance of finding a solution to the problem of prevention and posture correction, which has a direct impact not only on the development of the child, but also on the body as a whole. The results of numerous studies indicate that pathological posture affects occurrence of the following negative factors: development of a stable pain syndrome; formation of a pathological motor stereotype; development of functional articular blockade; occurrence of myofascial pain syndrome; change in the biomechanics of the spine and body in general; development of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disks and ligament-joint apparatus; development of osteochondrosis; development of herniated intervertebral discs; changes in the topography of the chest; deterioration of the abdominal organs; insufficient diaphragm mobility and reduced fluctuations in the intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressure; negative effect on the cardiovascular system; digestive dysfunction; deterioration of the central nervous system, etc. Moreover, the main types of posture disorders in children are presented as follows: stoop, round back, concave back, round-concave back, flat back. We considered the main reasons for the occurrence of posture disorders in children, which have a different nature and were distinguished in several blocks: biomechanical, neurogenic-muscular, myofascial, psychosomatic, compensatory. On the basis of these etiological, that is, primary causes, a classification was formed that facilitates teachers’ guidance in deviations in posture in children. Prospects for further research may lie in a more detailed explanation of the causal relationship of the etiology and pathogenesis of postural disorders in the sagittal plane.
Now, disorders of posture in the sagittal plane in children occupy one of the leading places in the pathology of the musculoskeletal system and make up 70–80 % in preschool children. This indicates the relevance of finding a solution to the problem of prevention and posture correction, which has a direct impact not only on the development of the child, but also on the body as a whole. The results of numerous studies indicate that pathological posture affects occurrence of the following negative factors: development of a stable pain syndrome; formation of a pathological motor stereotype; development of functional articular blockade; occurrence of myofascial pain syndrome; change in the biomechanics of the spine and body in general; development of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disks and ligament-joint apparatus; development of osteochondrosis; development of herniated intervertebral discs; changes in the topography of the chest; deterioration of the abdominal organs; insufficient diaphragm mobility and reduced fluctuations in the intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressure; negative effect on the cardiovascular system; digestive dysfunction; deterioration of the central nervous system, etc. Moreover, the main types of posture disorders in children are presented as follows: stoop, round back, concave back, round-concave back, flat back. We considered the main reasons for the occurrence of posture disorders in children, which have a different nature and were distinguished in several blocks: biomechanical, neurogenic-muscular, myofascial, psychosomatic, compensatory. On the basis of these etiological, that is, primary causes, a classification was formed that facilitates teachers’ guidance in deviations in posture in children. Prospects for further research may lie in a more detailed explanation of the causal relationship of the etiology and pathogenesis of postural disorders in the sagittal plane.
Опис
Ключові слова
діти, постава, порушення постави, хребет, кіфоз, лордоз, діагностика, children, posture, disorders of posture, spine, kyphosis, lordosis, diagnosis
Бібліографічний опис
Бєсєда, В. Види і причини порушень постави в сагітальній площині у дітей раннього і дошкільного віку із затримкою психомоторного розвитку [Текст] / В. Бєсєда // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2019. – № 8 (92). – С. 365–377. – DOI: 10.24139/2312-5993/2019.08/365-377.