Формування критичного мислення учнів засобами проблемного навчання на уроках біології
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Дата
2019
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
У статті обґрунтовуються шляхи формування критичного мислення засобами проблемного навчання. Відзначаються, що вдосконалення національної системи освіти потребую зміни репродуктивного стиля навчання на інноваційний, що сприяю розвитку в учнів критичного мислення. Акцентуються увага на тому, що проблемне навчання маю значні дидактичні можливості формування критичного мислення, а саме: застосування проблемних запитань, завдань, проблемних ситуацій, задач, проблематизація
змісту для активізації мисленнєвих процесів у формі критичного сприйняття проблем та протиріч. Розглядаються рівні сформованості та засоби розвитку критичного мислення учнів як умови творчої самореалізації особистості, самовдосконалення в освітній діяльності.
Reforming national education system in connection with world integration processes requires modernization of curriculum, introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies that ensure not only knowledge potential of the individual, but also formation of critical thinking skills, ability to set goals and achieve them, translate knowledge into practice, communicate in a multicultural environment. The aim of the article is to substantiate the ways of forming critical thinking by means of problem-based learning. Methods of research: theoretical - analysis of psycho-pedagogical, scientific-methodological literature, generalization, systematization - for the disclosure of the content of the basic concepts, approaches, models of the phenomena under study; empirical - pedagogical observation of cognitive activity of students in the process of general education. The author notes that improvement of national education system requires changing reproductive style of education for innovative, which contributes to development of students' critical thinking. The article analyzes domestic and foreign experience regarding implementation of the means for forming students' critical thinking. It is emphasized that problem-based learning has significant didactic possibilities for forming critical thinking, namely: application of problem-based questions, tasks, cases, problematisation of content for activating thinking processes in the form of critical perception of problems and contradictions. The levels of formation and means of development of students' critical thinking as conditions of creative self-realization of the personality, self-improvement in educational activity are considered. Development of critical thinking provides: motivation for personality development, formation of skills to see problems, to structure them, to allocate components in them, to express one's thoughts, to form analytical skills to build logical connections and theoretical constructs, to make optimal decisions for the formation of the experience of productive activity; to compare and evaluate facts, evaluate the effects and results of actions in terms of their effectiveness. The prospect for further research is to improve the theoretical and methodological aspects of introduction of problem-based learning as a means of self-realization of students in educational activity.
Reforming national education system in connection with world integration processes requires modernization of curriculum, introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies that ensure not only knowledge potential of the individual, but also formation of critical thinking skills, ability to set goals and achieve them, translate knowledge into practice, communicate in a multicultural environment. The aim of the article is to substantiate the ways of forming critical thinking by means of problem-based learning. Methods of research: theoretical - analysis of psycho-pedagogical, scientific-methodological literature, generalization, systematization - for the disclosure of the content of the basic concepts, approaches, models of the phenomena under study; empirical - pedagogical observation of cognitive activity of students in the process of general education. The author notes that improvement of national education system requires changing reproductive style of education for innovative, which contributes to development of students' critical thinking. The article analyzes domestic and foreign experience regarding implementation of the means for forming students' critical thinking. It is emphasized that problem-based learning has significant didactic possibilities for forming critical thinking, namely: application of problem-based questions, tasks, cases, problematisation of content for activating thinking processes in the form of critical perception of problems and contradictions. The levels of formation and means of development of students' critical thinking as conditions of creative self-realization of the personality, self-improvement in educational activity are considered. Development of critical thinking provides: motivation for personality development, formation of skills to see problems, to structure them, to allocate components in them, to express one's thoughts, to form analytical skills to build logical connections and theoretical constructs, to make optimal decisions for the formation of the experience of productive activity; to compare and evaluate facts, evaluate the effects and results of actions in terms of their effectiveness. The prospect for further research is to improve the theoretical and methodological aspects of introduction of problem-based learning as a means of self-realization of students in educational activity.
Опис
Ключові слова
критичне мислення, мисленнєва діяльність, проблемне навчання, проблемні завдання, проблемні запитання, проблемні ситуації, проблематизація змісту, учитель біології, critical thinking, thinking activity, problem-based learning, problem-based tasks, problem-based questions, cases, problematisation of content, biology teacher
Бібліографічний опис
Генкал, С. Е. Формування критичного мислення учнів засобами
проблемного навчання на уроках біології [Текст] /С. Е. Генкал // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2019. – № 4 (88). – С. 256–267.