Вплив керівних функцій на розвиток критичного мислення осіб з порушеннями психофізичного розвитку
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Дата
2021
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
У статті наведено результати дослідження й узагальнення існуючих теоретичних підходів стосовно розвитку критичного мислення в осіб із порушеннями психофізичного розвитку. На основі теоретико-методологічного аналізу літератури визначено складові критичного мислення, описано необхідність їх спеціального розвитку в осіб із порушеннями психофізичного розвитку. У роботі доведено взаємозв’язок критичного мислення, когнітивних та метакогнітивних здібностей із нейропсихологічним поняттям «керівні функції» за допомогою вивчення концепцій визначення їх складових. Окреслено подальші напрями практичного дослідження зазначених феноменів.
The research focuses on the results of the study and generalization of existing theoretical approaches to the development of critical thinking in persons with special psychophysical development. On the basis of the theoretical and methodological analysis of the literature the components of critical thinking are determined. The article reveals the need for special development of critical thinking in persons with special needs. The article substantiates the relationship of critical thinking, cognitive and metacognitive abilities with the neuropsychological concept of “executive functions” by studying the concepts that describe their components. The analysis of the concept of “intelligence” is conducted, which is correlated with metacognitive executive functions. Especially such a component of executive functions as updating is completely correlated with the level of intelligence. The theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the subject makes it possible to consider the ability to think critically in close interaction with the neuropsychological phenomenon of executive functions. This understanding deepens our knowledge of the nature of both phenomena, which are involved in complex information retrieval activities, social adaptation, issues of personal and professional realization. The modern educational dimension rises before its participants the question of the competence approach, which should be implemented at all levels of education. The need for special development of both critical thinking and executive functions is amplified for people with special needs, as the primary neurological impairment is inherent in most of them. The presence of organic or functional disorders of the nervous system is significantly reflected in the manifestations of all mental functions, which will affect the executive functions and critical thinking. Meanwhile, the cerebral organization of executive functions is represented by the frontal cortex of the large hemispheres, the role of which is characterized by programming, regulation and control of behavior, motor acts. Thus, the prospects for further research we see in the further practical study of the relationship between the components of critical thinking and executive functions, the development of evaluation criteria, identifying features of executive processes and their impact on the development of thinking of a person with special needs as well as finding compensatory mechanisms, developmental work on the formation and development of executive functions of persons with special needs.
The research focuses on the results of the study and generalization of existing theoretical approaches to the development of critical thinking in persons with special psychophysical development. On the basis of the theoretical and methodological analysis of the literature the components of critical thinking are determined. The article reveals the need for special development of critical thinking in persons with special needs. The article substantiates the relationship of critical thinking, cognitive and metacognitive abilities with the neuropsychological concept of “executive functions” by studying the concepts that describe their components. The analysis of the concept of “intelligence” is conducted, which is correlated with metacognitive executive functions. Especially such a component of executive functions as updating is completely correlated with the level of intelligence. The theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the subject makes it possible to consider the ability to think critically in close interaction with the neuropsychological phenomenon of executive functions. This understanding deepens our knowledge of the nature of both phenomena, which are involved in complex information retrieval activities, social adaptation, issues of personal and professional realization. The modern educational dimension rises before its participants the question of the competence approach, which should be implemented at all levels of education. The need for special development of both critical thinking and executive functions is amplified for people with special needs, as the primary neurological impairment is inherent in most of them. The presence of organic or functional disorders of the nervous system is significantly reflected in the manifestations of all mental functions, which will affect the executive functions and critical thinking. Meanwhile, the cerebral organization of executive functions is represented by the frontal cortex of the large hemispheres, the role of which is characterized by programming, regulation and control of behavior, motor acts. Thus, the prospects for further research we see in the further practical study of the relationship between the components of critical thinking and executive functions, the development of evaluation criteria, identifying features of executive processes and their impact on the development of thinking of a person with special needs as well as finding compensatory mechanisms, developmental work on the formation and development of executive functions of persons with special needs.
Опис
Ключові слова
критичне мислення, керівні функції, порушення психофізичного розвитку, інклюзія, critical thinking, executive functions, people with special needs, inclusion
Бібліографічний опис
Апухтіна, В. Вплив керівних функцій на розвиток критичного мислення осіб з порушеннями психофізичного розвитку [Текст] / В. Апухтіна // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський державний педагогічний ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. А. Біда та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2021. – № 2 (106). – С. 494–504. – DOI: 10.24139/2312-5993/2021.02/494-504.