Громадська і приватна ініціатива як чинник розвитку вищої освіти у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття
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Дата
2017
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
У статті здійснено спробу розкриття громадської і приватної ініціативи як вагомого чинника розвитку вищої освіти України у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття. Установлено, що незважаючи на численні бюрократичні перепони наукові, товариства та фізичні особи активно долучилися до створення громадських і приватних різнотипних вищих навчальних закладів – педагогічних, медичних, народногосподарчих (комерційних, сільськогосподарських, інженерно-промислових), мистецьких та дипломатичних. З’ясовано, що в період національного відродження увага громадськості зосередилася на фундуванні народних університетів як вишів нового типу. Доведено, що в досліджуваний період суттєво розширився спектр спеціальностей, за якими здійснювалася підготовка фахівців, що відповідало актуальним запитам суспільства.
The article attempts to disclose public and private initiatives as a significant factor in higher education development in Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries, which contributed not only to the quantitative but also to the qualitative development of the industry. It has been established that despite the numerous bureaucratic obstacles individuals, scientific and educational societies actively participated in the creation of public and private higher education institutions of different types – pedagogical, medical, public economy (commercial, agricultural, engineering, industrial), artistic and diplomatic. It has been found out that most of them were university colleges – higher female courses and institutes, which geographically covered virtually all leading centers of education and science of Ukraine – Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Katerynoslav. The experience of fund-raising of public and private higher education institutions in Kharkiv – one of the industrial, cultural and educational centers of the Russian Empire in general and of Ukraine in particular – is generalized. The attention is focused on the long history of the struggle for the distribution of higher schools of the Society for the Mutual Help of Working Women, Kharkiv Medical Society, Kharkiv Merchant Society, Society for the Promotion of Commercial Knowledge, South-Russian Society of Technologists, and others. It is determined that due to public and private initiative and support in the territory of Ukraine there were unique education institutions – Kyiv and Odesa conservatories and Novorosiisk higher international institute. It has been found out that in the investigated period, the initiative representatives of the public struggled actively for the creation of national universities as a new type of higher education institutions, but these plans were implemented later. It has been proved that in the investigated period, in accordance with the urgent demands of the society, the range of specialties which provided training of specialists had significantly expanded, had been intensified the branches of education, in which the most acute problems (pedagogical, medical, agricultural education) appeared, as well as the missing links (economic-commercial, artistic, diplomatic education) had been added. It is confirmed that higher education institutions of a new type mitigated the effects of the protection limitations of the Russian autocracy on access to higher education of the general population, first of all, of women.
The article attempts to disclose public and private initiatives as a significant factor in higher education development in Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries, which contributed not only to the quantitative but also to the qualitative development of the industry. It has been established that despite the numerous bureaucratic obstacles individuals, scientific and educational societies actively participated in the creation of public and private higher education institutions of different types – pedagogical, medical, public economy (commercial, agricultural, engineering, industrial), artistic and diplomatic. It has been found out that most of them were university colleges – higher female courses and institutes, which geographically covered virtually all leading centers of education and science of Ukraine – Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Katerynoslav. The experience of fund-raising of public and private higher education institutions in Kharkiv – one of the industrial, cultural and educational centers of the Russian Empire in general and of Ukraine in particular – is generalized. The attention is focused on the long history of the struggle for the distribution of higher schools of the Society for the Mutual Help of Working Women, Kharkiv Medical Society, Kharkiv Merchant Society, Society for the Promotion of Commercial Knowledge, South-Russian Society of Technologists, and others. It is determined that due to public and private initiative and support in the territory of Ukraine there were unique education institutions – Kyiv and Odesa conservatories and Novorosiisk higher international institute. It has been found out that in the investigated period, the initiative representatives of the public struggled actively for the creation of national universities as a new type of higher education institutions, but these plans were implemented later. It has been proved that in the investigated period, in accordance with the urgent demands of the society, the range of specialties which provided training of specialists had significantly expanded, had been intensified the branches of education, in which the most acute problems (pedagogical, medical, agricultural education) appeared, as well as the missing links (economic-commercial, artistic, diplomatic education) had been added. It is confirmed that higher education institutions of a new type mitigated the effects of the protection limitations of the Russian autocracy on access to higher education of the general population, first of all, of women.
Опис
Ключові слова
громадська ініціатива, приватна ініціатива, вища освіта, вищий навчальний заклад, вищі курси, інститут, народний університет, підготовка фахівців, public initiative, private initiative, higher education, higher education institution, higher courses, institute, national university, training of specialists
Бібліографічний опис
Сидоренко, О. Громадська і приватна ініціатива як чинник розвитку вищої освіти у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття [Текст] / О. Сидоренко // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова [та ін.]. – Суми : Вид-во СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2017. – № 9 (73). – С. 167–178.