Підходи у використанні експериментальних задач на уроках фізики загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів
Вантажиться...
Дата
2021
Автори
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
Установлено, що вчителі фізики закладів загальної середньої освіти стикаються з низкою труднощів, пов'язаних із використанням у навчанні експериментальних задач. Учителі потребують нових методичних підходів, які б сприяли успішному використанню експериментальних задач для формування узагальненого експериментального вміння. Запропоновано сім методичних підходів до використання експериментальних задач для навчання учнів у базовій школі. Підтверджено, що запропонувати вчителям фізики єдиний рецепт використання експериментальних задач у практиці навчання неможливо. Важливо запропонувати низку підходів, щоб учитель міг вільно обрати для навчання той, який найбільшою мірою забезпечить формування предметних компетентностей учнів.
The role of the educational experiment, including the solution of experimental problems to ensure high quality knowledge of physics is proved. The definition is formulated: experimental problems are those whose data are taken from the experiment to obtain a solution. Solving experimental problems is considered as a component of the methodological system of teaching physics.As a result of the research it was established that teachers of physics in secondary schools face a number of difficulties associated with the use of experimental problems in teaching. Teachers need new methodological approaches that would contribute to the successful use of experimental problems for the formation of generalized experimental skills. The difficulties faced by teachers have been identified on the basis of conversations with teachers in the Volyn region, online seminars, meetings with scientists and teachers- practitioners at international scientific-practical conferences, publications of recent years.The conditional division of experimental problems into two types is carried out. The first type includes experimental problems, the solution of which requires knowledge of one program topic. The second type includes experimental problems, the solution of which is based on the use of knowledge on several software topics.Seven methodological approaches for teaching students in primary school are proposed. Each of the proposed approaches details what the teacher should do and what the student should do. The positive and negative aspects of using a specific approach are analyzed. It is confirmed that it is impossible to offer physics teachers a single recipe for the use of experimental problems in teaching practice. It is important to suggest a number of approaches so that the teacher is free to choose the one that best ensures formation of students' subject competences related to the experiment.
The role of the educational experiment, including the solution of experimental problems to ensure high quality knowledge of physics is proved. The definition is formulated: experimental problems are those whose data are taken from the experiment to obtain a solution. Solving experimental problems is considered as a component of the methodological system of teaching physics.As a result of the research it was established that teachers of physics in secondary schools face a number of difficulties associated with the use of experimental problems in teaching. Teachers need new methodological approaches that would contribute to the successful use of experimental problems for the formation of generalized experimental skills. The difficulties faced by teachers have been identified on the basis of conversations with teachers in the Volyn region, online seminars, meetings with scientists and teachers- practitioners at international scientific-practical conferences, publications of recent years.The conditional division of experimental problems into two types is carried out. The first type includes experimental problems, the solution of which requires knowledge of one program topic. The second type includes experimental problems, the solution of which is based on the use of knowledge on several software topics.Seven methodological approaches for teaching students in primary school are proposed. Each of the proposed approaches details what the teacher should do and what the student should do. The positive and negative aspects of using a specific approach are analyzed. It is confirmed that it is impossible to offer physics teachers a single recipe for the use of experimental problems in teaching practice. It is important to suggest a number of approaches so that the teacher is free to choose the one that best ensures formation of students' subject competences related to the experiment.
Опис
Ключові слова
навчання фізики в базовій школі, сценарії використання експериментальних задач, узагальнююче експериментальне вміння, teaching physics in primary school, scenarios for using experimental problems, generalized experimental skill
Бібліографічний опис
Полетило, С. Підходи у використанні експериментальних задач на уроках фізики загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів [Текст] / С. Полетило // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський державний педагогічний ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. А. Біда та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2021. – № 5 (109). – С. 81–90. – DOI: 10.24139/2312-5993/2021.05/081-090.