Криза мультикультуралізму сучасного суспільства: світоглядний аспект
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Дата
2018
Назва журналу
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Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
У статті аналізуються світоглядні аспекти кризи мультикультуралізму в сучасному поліетнічному суспільстві. На думку автора криза мультикультуралізму пов'язана з кризою самої європейської культури, з пануючим в ній постмодерністським світорозуміння, світоглядним менталітетом, який заперечує субординативізм та ієрархічність у розумінні буття і перш за все у власне людських його проявах. Така "децентралізація" може обернутися тим, що звільнення різноманіття культуротворчої активності людини від пов'язаності єдиним началом постане водночас і звільненням сил саморозпаду культури.
The article analyzes the outlook aspects of the crisis of multiculturalism in a modern multiethnic society. In the opinion of the author, the crisis of multiculturalism is associated with the crisis of European culture itself, with its dominant postmodern worldview, a philosophical mentality that denies subordinationism and hierarchy in the concept of being, and above all in its own human manifestations. Such "decentralization" may result in the fact that the liberation of the diversity of the cultural activity of a man from the unity under the similar beginning will arise at the same time as the liberation of the forces of self-destruction of culture. The problems of multiculturalism are connected with the conflict of the "western” and "eastern" models of a nation, if the rule of law takes the first place in the first model, then in the second it is tradition. The "Western" model of a nation treats the nation as a multi-ethnic entity, and it is based on the civil identity. The progress of ethnic relations can be logically presented as a process of substituting natural determinants for social ones. And if the archaic stage of the development of ethnic groups is marked by the domination of natural and biological determinants over social (the basis of this stage of ethnogenesis are family ties that penetrate the entire sphere of social relations), then at the national stage, in which the integration of ethnic communities in the nation between which interethnic relations are formed, social components begin to dominate the natural.Leading nation-states and their citizens historically passed all the "floors" of ethnogenesis. As for immigrants from the states of "traditional" culture, they "get stuck" in the elevator of the blood-related (tribal) stage. Therefore, criticism of the policy of multiculturalism is primarily aimed at supporting not only culture, but also the communities that take on the mission of representing the interests of the entire ethnic group. Such community support stimulates the development of group identity, replacing the identity of the individual, consolidating the power of the community over the individual. Thus, there is an artificial preservation of traditional-communal relations, and the individual integration of representatives of different cultures in civil society is impeded.
The article analyzes the outlook aspects of the crisis of multiculturalism in a modern multiethnic society. In the opinion of the author, the crisis of multiculturalism is associated with the crisis of European culture itself, with its dominant postmodern worldview, a philosophical mentality that denies subordinationism and hierarchy in the concept of being, and above all in its own human manifestations. Such "decentralization" may result in the fact that the liberation of the diversity of the cultural activity of a man from the unity under the similar beginning will arise at the same time as the liberation of the forces of self-destruction of culture. The problems of multiculturalism are connected with the conflict of the "western” and "eastern" models of a nation, if the rule of law takes the first place in the first model, then in the second it is tradition. The "Western" model of a nation treats the nation as a multi-ethnic entity, and it is based on the civil identity. The progress of ethnic relations can be logically presented as a process of substituting natural determinants for social ones. And if the archaic stage of the development of ethnic groups is marked by the domination of natural and biological determinants over social (the basis of this stage of ethnogenesis are family ties that penetrate the entire sphere of social relations), then at the national stage, in which the integration of ethnic communities in the nation between which interethnic relations are formed, social components begin to dominate the natural.Leading nation-states and their citizens historically passed all the "floors" of ethnogenesis. As for immigrants from the states of "traditional" culture, they "get stuck" in the elevator of the blood-related (tribal) stage. Therefore, criticism of the policy of multiculturalism is primarily aimed at supporting not only culture, but also the communities that take on the mission of representing the interests of the entire ethnic group. Such community support stimulates the development of group identity, replacing the identity of the individual, consolidating the power of the community over the individual. Thus, there is an artificial preservation of traditional-communal relations, and the individual integration of representatives of different cultures in civil society is impeded.
Опис
Ключові слова
мультикультуралізм, толерантність, нація, етногенез, громадянська ідентичність, поліетнічність, multiculturalism, tolerance, nation, civil identity, ethnogenes, polyethnicity
Бібліографічний опис
Корнієнко, О. М. Криза мультикультуралізму сучасного суспільства: світоглядний аспект [Текст] / О. М. Корнієнко // Філософія науки: традиції та інновації : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: Н. В. Кочубей, В. А. Косяк, Є. О. Лебідь та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2018. – № 2 (18). – С. 84–92.