Оцінка ефективності профілактичних заходів щодо тютюнопаління на прикладі закладу загальної середньої освіти
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Дата
2018
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
Науковою базою профілактики неінфекційних захворювань у всьому світі є концепція факторів ризику, до яких належить тютюнопаління як одна з важливих медико-соціальних проблем сьогодення. Мета дослідження - оцінити ефективність упроваджених профілактичних заходів щодо тютюнопаління серед учнів 11-17 років на базі «Школи здоров'я» закладу загальної середньої освіти. У даній роботі нами проаналізовано результати досліджень Глобального опитування підлітків щодо тютюнопаління м. Суми 2013 і 2018 роках на прикладі закладу загальної освіти. У результаті дослідження встановлено ефективність упровадження профілактичних заходів щодо тютюнопаління серед учнів 11-17 років у межах освітньої здоров'язбережувальної технології «Школи здоров'я» закладу загальної середньої освіти за ключовими напрямами: доступ до тютюну, їх ставлення до припинення паління, пасивне тютюнопаління, роль оточення (родина, друзі, школа) в боротьбі з тютюнопалінням.
Nowadays, it is an indisputable fact that seriousness of tobacco smoking is a health and social problem. According to the statistics of The World Health Organization more than one billion people in the world smoke tobacco. According to The WHO, in 2009 Ukraine has the 7th highest prevalence of tobacco smoking among the adult population in the world (26,3 %). Therefore, it is especially important to investigate the prevalence of tobacco use among teenage students who are the first at risk to engage this bad habit. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of preventive activities in relation to tobacco smoking among pupils aged from 11 to 17 that is based on "The School of The Health Promotion" of the establishment of general secondary education. In this work study results of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Sumy, in 2013 and 2018 on the example of the establishment of general secondary education were analyzed. The study was based on interviewing students of grades from 5 to 11 (11-17 years old). In 2013,136 students took part in the survey, in 2018 199 students participated. The effectiveness of preventive activities in relation to tobacco smoking among students of 11-17 years within the educational health-saving technology "The School of The Health Promotion" of the establishment of general secondary education was indentified in the key actions: access to tobacco, adults' attitude to smoking cessation, passive smoking, the role of the environment (family, friends, school) in the fight against tobacco smoking. The following positive changes were registered: the extend of smoking among young people who smoked has decreased by 2,3 times; the percentage of adolescents who began to smoke before the age of 10 has diminished by over 35 %; teenagers' confidence towards harmfulness of passive smoking has increased by 4,3 times; the proportion of adolescents who smoke from 6 to 10 cigarettes a day has decreased by 2,67 times; the percentage of youth who usually smoke in the morning has diminished by 2,3 times; the proportion of adults' circle surrounded by friends-smokers has decreased by 1,8 times; the percentage of adults who were self-confident to refuse the proposal to light up a cigarette has increased by 5 times; the number of lessons about the dangers of smoking tobacco within the educational establishment has increased by 1,3 times; the monitoring of teachers who smoke has been reduced by 2 times every day. Young people who were at risk-groups of smoking, for whom additional prevention activities should be used, were found. To these teenagers we refer: youth without a stable smoking habit, teenagers who are confident on the safety of the health to smoke for some time, young people who have a lack of clear understanding of tobacco's adverse effects and those who are unsure in the possibility to refuse the proposal to light up a cigarette. Optimization of tobacco smoking prevention measures in the development of the formation of a healthy lifestyle should include the following aspects: to enhance the interaction of professional cohorts (doctors, educators, psychologists, social studies teachers); to change the form of submitting information about nicotine addiction, harmfulness of smoking in general, the necessity to quit the cigarette habit, steps to overcome addiction; to introduce additional improvements to values of modern society (negative perception of a smoker by a society, a healthy, able-bodied person is the way to success and welfare, etc.); to enhance psychological support of activities towards finding teenager's personality, a unique choice of the further vital way, profession, hobby; to implement an economic training program on 'The planning of its own budget", taking into account the change of the motive for getting rid of smoking from "caring for the health" to "saving money" in 5 years.
Nowadays, it is an indisputable fact that seriousness of tobacco smoking is a health and social problem. According to the statistics of The World Health Organization more than one billion people in the world smoke tobacco. According to The WHO, in 2009 Ukraine has the 7th highest prevalence of tobacco smoking among the adult population in the world (26,3 %). Therefore, it is especially important to investigate the prevalence of tobacco use among teenage students who are the first at risk to engage this bad habit. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of preventive activities in relation to tobacco smoking among pupils aged from 11 to 17 that is based on "The School of The Health Promotion" of the establishment of general secondary education. In this work study results of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Sumy, in 2013 and 2018 on the example of the establishment of general secondary education were analyzed. The study was based on interviewing students of grades from 5 to 11 (11-17 years old). In 2013,136 students took part in the survey, in 2018 199 students participated. The effectiveness of preventive activities in relation to tobacco smoking among students of 11-17 years within the educational health-saving technology "The School of The Health Promotion" of the establishment of general secondary education was indentified in the key actions: access to tobacco, adults' attitude to smoking cessation, passive smoking, the role of the environment (family, friends, school) in the fight against tobacco smoking. The following positive changes were registered: the extend of smoking among young people who smoked has decreased by 2,3 times; the percentage of adolescents who began to smoke before the age of 10 has diminished by over 35 %; teenagers' confidence towards harmfulness of passive smoking has increased by 4,3 times; the proportion of adolescents who smoke from 6 to 10 cigarettes a day has decreased by 2,67 times; the percentage of youth who usually smoke in the morning has diminished by 2,3 times; the proportion of adults' circle surrounded by friends-smokers has decreased by 1,8 times; the percentage of adults who were self-confident to refuse the proposal to light up a cigarette has increased by 5 times; the number of lessons about the dangers of smoking tobacco within the educational establishment has increased by 1,3 times; the monitoring of teachers who smoke has been reduced by 2 times every day. Young people who were at risk-groups of smoking, for whom additional prevention activities should be used, were found. To these teenagers we refer: youth without a stable smoking habit, teenagers who are confident on the safety of the health to smoke for some time, young people who have a lack of clear understanding of tobacco's adverse effects and those who are unsure in the possibility to refuse the proposal to light up a cigarette. Optimization of tobacco smoking prevention measures in the development of the formation of a healthy lifestyle should include the following aspects: to enhance the interaction of professional cohorts (doctors, educators, psychologists, social studies teachers); to change the form of submitting information about nicotine addiction, harmfulness of smoking in general, the necessity to quit the cigarette habit, steps to overcome addiction; to introduce additional improvements to values of modern society (negative perception of a smoker by a society, a healthy, able-bodied person is the way to success and welfare, etc.); to enhance psychological support of activities towards finding teenager's personality, a unique choice of the further vital way, profession, hobby; to implement an economic training program on 'The planning of its own budget", taking into account the change of the motive for getting rid of smoking from "caring for the health" to "saving money" in 5 years.
Опис
Ключові слова
тютюнопаління, фактори ризику, здоров'я, здоров'язбереження, підлітки, tobacco smoking, risk factors, health, keeping healthy, teenagers
Бібліографічний опис
Латіна, Г. Оцінка ефективності профілактичних заходів щодо тютюнопаління на прикладі закладу загальної середньої освіти [Текст] / Г. Латіна // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова [та ін.]. – Суми : Вид-во СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2018 – № 3 (77). – С. 131–141.