Досвід США в підготовці магістрів із педагогічної освіти

Abstract

У статті розглянуто досвід підготовки магістрів із педагогічної освіти у США. Мета статті - аналіз змісту навчання вищої школи й дослідження організації підготовки магістрів із педагогічної освіти США. Виокремлено види магістерських програм та специфіка підготовки магістрантів, що зумовлена відповідною їх практичною підготовкою, особливостями законодавчої бази США, традиційним демократичним характером освіти. Проаналізовано зміст та основні форми отримаання магістерської підготовки в контексті вищої освіти США.

Historical peculiarities of development of high education in the United States became the reason that there are no unique requirements for applicants in this country. It depends on the type of institution and its prestige. The higher education system in the United States includes two sectors: private and public. The content of higher education in the most universities in the US includes the following: 1) biological Sciences (agriculture, biochemistry, biology, biotechnology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, Microbiology, etc.); 2) physical science (Geology, electronics, physics, chemistry, ceramics, Cybernetics, computer knowledge, mathematics, radiology, statistics, etc.); 3) Humanities (philosophy, history, art history, classical Philology, linguistics, psycholinguistics, etc.); 4) social Sciences (anthropology, geography, Economics, criminology, pedagogy, political science, psychology, law, etc.). The master's degree is possible in two basic types of programs: academic and professional. The degrees of Master of Arts (G. A.) and Master of Science (G. S.) are typically awarded in the traditional natural Sciences and the Humanities. The degree of Master of Science (G. S.) is also awarded in technical fields such as engineering and agriculture. In order to study for a master's program, the student must take a test designed for entering the so-called graduate school. Depending on the results and average score of the marks obtained bachelor, the selection Committee can designate the scholarship or to reject it. There are two opposite tendencies in the content of USA pedagogical education: synthesized teaching pedagogy and the separate study of individual disciplines (philosophy of education, history of pedagogy, pedagogical psychology, pedagogical sociology). Teachers training belongs to the Humanities. According to the Classifier of educational programmes – 2010 developed by the National center for education statistics U.S. Department of education, specialty 13.0406 Higher education is the direction of preparation 13.04 "education Management and inspection". Teacher education in the United States focuses primarily on the preparation of teachers-experts who know how to apply their knowledge and multifunctional skills in schools of different types. Therefore the main objective of vocational teacher education is the practical pedagogical training.