Перегляд за Автор "Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych"

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  • Документ
    Military Cantonists of the Russian Army in the First Quarter of the 19 th century
    (2025) Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych; Ячменіхін Костянтин Михайлович
    The purpose of the article is an attempt to analyze the process of creating the institute of military cantonists of the Russian army, to trace the process of forming the legislative base and to establish their quantitative composition at the end of the first quarter of the 19th century. The main sources of the work were materials from the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive and a number of printed documents. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of scientific logic, objectivity, criticism and verification of sources. Among the basic methods of revealing the problem, one should mention the problem-chronological approach, historical-genetic and deductive methods, the method of analytical and comparative-historical typology. Scientific novelty of the work: for the first time in historiography, an attempt has been made to comprehensively analyze the reasons for the creation of the institute of cantonists of the Russian army, to highlight their legal status and calculate their number. Based on the analysis of the problem, the following conclusions can be drawn: various segments of the population of the empire were included in the category of military cantonists. Over time, they received a clear legislative basis. The establishment of this institution not only affected the size of the army reserve, the government had already begun to consider soldiers’ children as one of the sources of replenishing the army with educated soldiers, called upon to finally eliminate conscription.
  • Документ
    Preparation of the Russian Army Reserve in the Late 18th to Early 19th Century
    (Гельветика, 2025) Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych; Ячменіхін Костянтин Михайлович
    The purpose of the article is to attempt to analyze the development of the reserve training system of the Russian army in the late 18th- early 19thcenturies, to trace the process of forming its legislative base and to identify the main sources of replenishment at the expense of the cantonist contingent.The main source base of the study was the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive and a number of various printed sources.The research methodology is based on the concrete-historical method, the principles of scientific logic, objectivity, and the possibility of verifying the obtained results. The study also applies an “internal” analytical approach to the stated problem in order to reveal the directions ofgovernment policy aimed at achieving established goals; additionally, the problem-chronological approach, historical-genetic and investigative methods, as well as comparative-historical typology, were used.Scientific novelty of the research. An attempt is made to provide a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for improving the training of the army reserve in connection with changes in the tactics and strategy of warfare during this period.Based on the analysis of the available material, the following conclusions may be drawn: due to the growing need of the army for well-prepared young commanders and specialists, army leadership began to consider cantonists (soldiers’ children) as a suitable option for preparing the army reserve on the basis of special training units. At the same time, the procedure for assigning cantonists to army service acquired a sufficiently structured form, and a sharp increase in the number of cantonists can be observed.