Перегляд за Автор "Yuliia Petrushenko"

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  • Документ
    The Imposition of Martial Law in Poland as a Means of Preserving the Communist Regime (1981–1983)
    (2026) Mykhtunenko Viktoriia Viktorivna; Михтуненко Вікторія Вікторівна; Yuliia Petrushenko; Юлія Петрушенко
    The article is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the processes that took place in the Polish People’s Republic on the eve of and during the period of martial law (1981–1983).The aim of the study is to reveal the causes, prerequisites, course, consequences, and the role of the USSR in the imposition of martial law in the Polish People’s Republic. The main methodological principles applied in the research are the principles of historicism and scholarly objectivity. The study employs information analysis, structural-system, chronological, and comparative-historical methods. The author focuses on the complex socio-economic and political situation on the eve of and during the martial law period. The role of the Catholic Church and of the Pope personally in the socio-political life of the Polish People’s Republic in the early 1980s is explored. The controversial nature of General Wojciech Jaruzelski is emphasized. The external pressure exerted by the USSR on the Polish leadership is highlighted. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the attempt to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the events of the 1981-1983 martial law period in Poland from the perspective of Ukrainian historical scholarship. The practical significance of the work lies in its exposition of the mechanisms of functioning of totalitarian regimes, their methods of power preservation, and the societal consequences of such actions. The Polish experience may be valuable for analyzing current authoritarian tendencies and for developing strategies to counter them. It contributes to an understanding of the cost of freedom and the importance of civic resistance. In the conclusions, the artificial nature of the communist regime in Poland and its chronic instability due to economic problems and the rejection of faith – central to Polish national identity – are substantiated. Attention is drawn to the significant role of the USSR in the emergence and functioning of the Polish People’s Republic and the Polish United Workers’ Party. The inevitability of forceful intervention by either the Polish or Soviet army is argued. The role of General Jaruzelski in the imposition and outcomes of martial law is also examined. Thus, martial law in Poland (1981-1983) appears as an inevitable result of internal and external political miscalculations by the Polish and Soviet leadership.