Перегляд за Автор "Tykhonenko Iryna"

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  • Документ
    Development of Multilateral Interstate Cooperation on Gender Issues in the Middle East (End of the 20 – Beginning of the 21 Century)
    (2023) Tykhonenko Iryna; Kyrychenko Yelizaveta; Тихоненко Ірина; Кириченко Єлизавета
    The article attempts to analyze the development of forms and manifestations of multilateral intergovernmental cooperation on gender issues in the Middle East at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century. The Middle East region, in religious and civilizational dimensions, is quite specific in terms of the comprehensive implementation of the ideas of feminism and overcoming gender gaps. However, as a result of the study, the effectiveness of the region’s involvement in both global initiatives on gender issues and the formation of its own mechanisms and tools for the protection of women was revealed, which is implemented in the following practical acts. Firstly, the involvement of the Middle East region as an object of activity of the United Nations Structure for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women (“UN-Women”) aimed at protecting women in conflicts and granting equal rights to women alongside men. Secondly, the formation of a regulatory framework and programs on gender issues in the activities of the regional organization  the League of Arab States (LAD). It was found that the existing mechanism of intergovernmental cooperation in the LAD regarding the implementation of gender equality and the role of women in Arab society is not sufficiently effective, given the advisory nature of the organization’s decisions, and it is not sufficiently implemented in practice by all Middle Eastern states. It should be stressed on the positive and fruitful activity of the Arab Women Organization, which has a number of programs for the protection of Arab women and their rights. Thirdly, the dialogue between the Middle East and North Africa in the format of the MENA region is quite developed – the holding of African-Arab summits between the African Union and the League of Arab States, launched in 1977, which are aimed at jointly solving gender issues. The authors concluded that the Middle East region still has to overcome a number of barriers and domestic policy changes to protect women’s rights, but the initiation and development of dialogue on a multilateral basis is a positive step in achieving global trends in ensuring gender equality and feminism in general.
  • Документ
    Geopolitical and Logistical Dimensions of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
    (2025) Tykhonenko Iryna; Тихоненко Ірина; Berdila Illia; Берділа Ілля
    The article attempts to analyze the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) from the perspective of the geopolitical and logistical dimensions of its implementation. The goal of the article is to study the impact of CPEC on China’s foreign policy initiatives, Beijing’s bilateral relations with Islamabad, and the level of influence of the project’s geopolitical and logistical components on the regional and global levels of international relations. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, systematicity, and objectivity with an appeal to the method of geopolitical analysis, using systematic analysis, and general scientific methods. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the analysis of the current state of CPEC, the main Sino-Pakistani infrastructure projects being implemented in the second phase of the project from 2022, and its overall impact on the geopolitical situation in the region and taking into account China’s global strategy. Conclusions. The implementation of CPEC within the framework of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative strengthens cooperation between China and Pakistan. At the same time, the implementation of a number of infrastructure projects have a positive impact on both states. Firstly, they help develop and stabilize the relevant areas involved in the corridor (for instance, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China, and the provinces of Balochistan and Gilgit- Baltistan in Pakistan). Secondly, there is a diversification of the logistics network of China’s trade routes in a global context with access to Asian and European markets. It is revealed that the CPEC is geopolitically involved in the regional rivalry between China and India, in particular through the ports of Gwadar and Chabahar, which serve as important transport hubs. The authors conclude that the successful implementation of the corridor will contribute to Pakistan’s economic growth, although it raises the question of its increasing dependence on Beijing. In turn, China’s positions in the economic dimension are strengthened that raised a perspective of the change in the balance of power in regional level.
  • Документ
    The Priorities of Mexico’s Foreign Policy at the Beginning of 21 Century: Overview of Amlo Administration
    (СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2023) Bohdanova Tetiana; Богданова Тетяна; Тихоненко Ірина; Tykhonenko Iryna
    The article attempts to analyze the priorities of Mexico’s foreign policy at the beginning of the XXI century with an emphasis on reviewing the foreign policy strategy of the administration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO). The methodological basis of the study is a comparative analysis of Mexico’s foreign policy priorities. Currently, Mexico is the leading state in Latin America, which tries to implement an autonomous foreign policy, being involved in all international affairs. In the XXI century Mexico moved away from the policy of isolationism in accordance with the Estrada doctrine and began to be guided by the Castañeda doctrine  to conduct an active foreign policy both at the regional and global levels of the international system. Therefore, the following goals of Mexico’s foreign policy strategy can be defined: support of regional autonomy and a balanced policy in the international arena, issues of social and economic development of the state, relations with the U.S. Despite the ambitious goals of Mexican foreign policy, the state has a number of internal problems that undoubtedly affect its positioning in the world. It is worth noting that the administration of the previous President Peña Nieta emphasized the positioning of Mexico as an active player in the international arena. In turn, the López Obrador administration, being populist, puts domestic politics as the primary goal of its activities  following the principle “the best foreign policy is a good domestic policy”. Therefore, Mexican priorities under the AMLO administration are the development of trade and economic cooperation with Central American states, relations with the United States (in particular, within the framework of the USMCA and the reduction of migration flows), as well as non-interference in global issues of international politics. It should be noted that such non-interference is quite controversial on the example of the Russian-Ukrainian war  neutrality in condemning Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and the existing pro-Russian position of the leading political elites.
  • Документ
    Арктика у зовнішній політиці Німеччини ХХ ст.
    (2022) Тихоненко Ірина; Tykhonenko Iryna
    У статті здійснено спробу аналізу ролі Арктичного регіону у зовнішній політиці Німеччини ХХ ст. Виявлено вплив внутрішньополітичної ситуації в державі на прояв циклічності у використанні певних механізмів та інструментів реалізації зовнішньополітичних ініціатив в Арктиці. Наприкінці ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Німеччина активно використовувала наукові дослідження в Арктиці, що проявилося у започаткуванні Міжнародного полярного року (синхронні метеорологічні дослідження в Арктиці) та участі у низці міжнародних експедицій до регіону (експедиції А. Вегенера). Після Першої світової війни Веймарська республіка продовжила участь у міжнародних полярних дослідженнях, але у форматі технологічної модернізації експедицій під час Другого Міжнародного полярного року, що дозволило державі дещо вийти з міжнародної ізоляції. Внутрішньополітичні зміни у Німеччини із приходом до влади А. Гітлера сприяли становленню Арктики як стратегічного напряму зовнішньої політики Третього рейху у веденні Другої світової війни – окупація арктичних держав (Норвегія, Данія, використання їх територій та Арктики у «війні за погоду». Циклічність у зовнішній політиці Німеччини щодо Арктики проявилася із поверненням частини розділеної Німеччини, а саме Західної Німеччини до участі у міжнародному науковому співробітництві в регіоні під час доби «холодної війни». Авторка дійшла висновку, що закладені основи зовнішньополітичних ініціатив Німеччини у ХХ ст., її активної участі у міжнародному співробітництві в Арктиці у науковій та технологічній сферах сприяли залученню вже об’єднаної у сучасних кордонах ФРН до існуючих багатосторонніх інститутів співробітництва в регіоні.