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  • Документ
    Sanitary Aspects of Water Supply in Poltava and Poltava Province in the Second Half of the 19th–Early 20th century: Medical knowledge, Legal Regulation and Socio-Economic Factors
    (Гельветика, 2025) Peshkov Dmytro; Пешков Дмитро
    Purpose of the study. The purpose of this research is to examine the development of sanitation in the field of water supply in Poltava and Poltava Governorate during the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. Particular attention is given to the role of physicians and medical societies in disseminating knowledge about waterborne infections, the preventive measures they proposed and implemented, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of existing sanitary legislation and administrative actions by local authorities. A significant part of the study is devoted to identifying the causes of water pollution and the economic and social factors that hindered consistent compliance with sanitary regulations.Methodology. The research is based on the combination of several historical approaches: the application of the microhistorical method to study specific cases of sanitary violations, actions of the authorities, and the reactions of the population; the use of the history of everyday life method, which allows tracing household practices in interaction with water sources and cultural perceptions water; critical analysis of sanitary legislation, government decrees, and administrative instructions; comparison of epidemiological statistics with documented violations and the level of hygienic culture during inter-epidemic periods. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historiography, sanitary aspects of water supply in Poltava and the Poltava region are comprehensively studied through the lens of the interaction between medical knowledge, physicians’ recommendations, administrative actions, and daily practices of the population. It is shown that even in the presence of scientific discoveries and regulatory acts, the implementation of sanitary measures was constrained by economic limitations, insufficient public education efforts, and entrenched traditional customs Conclusions. Physicians and medical societies attempted to introduce scientifically grounded measures (cleaning wells, restricting the use of water bodies for industrial purposes, boiling drinking water). However, the effectiveness of these actions was reduced due to a lack of resources, legislative shortcomings, and weak enforcement. During epidemic outbreaks, the authorities responded more actively, but systemic and consistent sanitary policy was never fully achieved.