Перегляд за Автор "Bilichenko Lidiia"

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  • Документ
    Formation and Development of Ukrainian-Italian Relations (Mid-17th - Early 21st Century)
    (2025) Cherkasov Oleksandr Oleksandrovych; Черкасов Олександр Олександрович; Bilichenko Lidiia; Біліченко Лідія
    The article is devoted to the analysis of the study of Ukrainian-Italian relations from the 1650s to 2025. The aim of the work is a comprehensive study of Ukrainian-Italian relations in the political, economic, cultural and humanitarian spheres, from ancient times to the present day. To solve this problem, classical methods of historical science were applied – the principles of historicism, dialectics, systematics, which make it possible to study phenomena in the process of formation, formation and development, in an organic connection with the conditions that gave rise to them, the spirit of the time. The study is conducted taking into account the unity of internal and external, subjective and objective factors of the historical process. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of an analysis of the entire complex of sources used, taking into account existing scientific and research traditions. The scientific novelty. The study is the first attempt to comprehensively analyze a wide range of Ukrainian sources that reflect Italian-Ukrainian political and cultural contacts from the mid-17th century to the 21st century. Conclusions. The study showed the multifacetedness and depth of the issues related to the reflection of Ukrainian-Italian relations in sources of Ukrainian origin. Italian-Ukrainian contacts have a long history and date back to the times of the National Liberation War under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytsky to the present day. The most interesting example of political and economic communication is the opening of Italian consulates in the South of Ukraine in the second half of the 18th century, as well as the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Directorate of the UNR and Italy in 1919. A new stage in the development of interstate relations began with the founding of the Ukrainian SSR, when Italian consular representations were founded in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odessa. Despite the fact that during the Second World War, Soviet-Ukrainian-Italian relations were suspended for some time, they became quite active in the 1950s. Since the proclamation of Ukraine’s Independence, Italy has become an important economic partner, and since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, it has been actively providing assistance with weapons.
  • Документ
    Mykolaiv Concentration Prison:Creation and Functioning (1907-1920)
    (2024) Bilichenko Lidiia; Біліченко Лідія
    Goal of the study. On the basis of the funds of the State Archive of the Mykolaiv region, research the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv penal prison during 1907-1920.Methodology. The methodological basis of the study are the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, which allow us to determine the place and role of the Mykolaiv concentrationprison in the system of penitentiary policy of the Russian Empire, to show the history of the Mykolaiv concentration prison at the beginning of the 20thcentury. Various methods were used in the process of work. For example, the method of statistical analysis, which made it possible to trace the number and composition of both criminal and political prisoners.Scientific novelty. This scientific article is one of the first comprehensive studies with the involvement of archival sources after 1991, which is dedicated to the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv concentration prison. The author carried out a comprehensive study of the issue of punishment and its execution in this correctional institution. The article also defines for the first time the concepts of penal prison system in the narrow sense of the word and penal-prison deprivation of liberty.Conclusions. The article, based on archival sources and with the involvement of memoir literature, investigated the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv concentration prison during 1907-1920. It was established that both political and criminal prisoners were held in the prison. Prisoners’ labor was actively used in the prison, and there were cloth-making, boot-making, carpentry, metalwork, basket-making, and blacksmithing workshops. Based on this, it was found that the reference to hard labor for particularly dangerous criminals (both political and criminal) implied strict isolation burdened with harsh conditions combined with excruciating forced labor. By creating such conditions, the government sought to intimidate and brutally punish political and criminal criminals, without trying to correct them. Because of the strict regime in the Mykolaiv concentration prison, riots, hunger strikes, escapes, and suicide attempts often occurred.