Перегляд за Автор "Ступак Аліна"

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  • Документ
    Animal’s Pawprints on the Bricks of Medzhybizh Castle
    (2024) Stupak Alina; Ступак Аліна; Vietrov Viktor; Вєтров Віктор; Baranovskyi Anton; Барановський Антон
    Occasional marks on bricks or other architectonic composites, with their potential to unveil environmental conditions at the time of their formation, attract scientific attention. The object of our research is the pawprints on bricks, a discovery made during the archaeological excavations of the historically significant Medzhybizh Castle (also known as Medzhybizh Fortress), located in the village of Medzhybizh, Khmelnytskyi region, Ukraine. Brick, a popular building material, was continually used to construct palaces and residential and household objects of the Castle’s architectural ensemble. The studied collection of bricks, dating to the 15th-19th centuries, is the second most widespread material, after stone blocks, for constructing various elements of the Castle complex.This study aims to identify the animal species responsible for the pawprints found and showcase the valuable informational potential of animal pawprints on bricks as an archaeological resource. The findings of the study reveal that the imprints can be attributed to canines, felines, swine, even-toed ungulates, and domestic fowl (chickens). Animal tracks present on the brick blanks indirectly reflect the environmental elements. In the context of the brick materials utilizedin the construction of Medzhybizh Castle, the animal imprints indicate the presence of animals associated with the proprietors of the brickyard or those from neighbouring households and farms. Animals could have unintentionally traversed the brick blanks while roaming freely, possibly attracted by the mineral components of the brick mortar. The dimensions of a dog’s pawprints enable an estimation of the size of certain individual dogs and their count. The small size of the hoofed mammal`s tracks suggests they belonged to young individuals, indicating the spring-summer season during which the brick blanks were created. The positioning of the tracks on the brick provides insights into the speed patterns of the animals’ movements on the blanks.Therefore,the results of the pawprint study on bricks and other ancient ceramic products not only contribute to our understanding of the past but also have practical applications in the scientific and museological spheres, making this research highly relevant and its applications tangible.
  • Документ
    Ornamented Tools from Organic Materials of the Mesolithic–Neolithic Times from the Desna Basin Region
    (2023) Stupak Dmytro; Ступак Дмитро; Stupak Alina; Ступак Аліна
    The most earliest cases of using the long bones of ungulates as tools are known from the Middle Paleolithic. In the Upper Paleolithic time, the manufacture of tools from the long bones of ungulates, as well as the ornamentation of some of them, is often represented in the sites of Europe. The territory of the Desna basin, during the time of the Final Paleolithic – Neolithic, was involved in the same cultural and historical processes that took place in the northern part of Europe. But, for today, unlike many northern regions of Europe, in the territory of the Desna basin,items made of bone or horn are known only from Neolithic points. Ornamented tools are represented only by single samples.The purpose of this work is to соnsider ornamented tools made of organic materials found in the Desna basin and to publish a previously unknown sample of such tools found on the outskirts of Chernihiv, on Telyachiy island.The find from Telyachiy island is a fragment of a tool made from a long bone of a deer (Cervidae gen. etsp.). The the lack of a radiocarbon date makes it impossible to clarify its accurate dating. Based on the spread of columns of parallel strokes of ornament in the Mesolithic period and its continued existence in the Neolithic period, as well as the presence of finds of fragments of Neolithic ceramics on Telyachyi island, the found fragment of the tool, today, should be dated to the Mesolithic – Neolithic period.Thus, for the Early Holocene periods of the territory of the Desna basin, items made of organic materials are represented only by the Neolithic period. Among them, ornamented tools are rare specimens. Only for a fragment of a tool made of a long bone of a deer found on Telyachyi island, it can be assumed that it dates back to the Mesolithic. Given the meager amount of ornamented items made from organic materials from the territory of the Desna basin, this find is certainly an important source for understanding the ornamental traditions of decorating tools and the aesthetic preferences of the ancient population of the Desna basin.
  • Документ
    The Formation and Disappearance of the First Paleozoological Terminology in the Context of the Development of the Paleozoology of Mammals Discipline at the End of the 19 – First Half of the 20th Century in Ukraine
    (2026) Stupak Alina; Ступак Аліна
    The purpose of this work is to highlight the history of the emergence and demonstrate examples of the first Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology in the publications of palaeozoologists of the late 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. To provide the historical context of the emergence of palaeozoological studies in Ukraine, as well as to describe folk beliefs and attitudes towards animal fossils. To describe the causes and consequences of the disappearance of the first Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology. The research methodology is based on an analysis of early scientific publications from the mid-19th to the first half of the 20th century to describe the first Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology.Scientific novelty: for the first time, the history of the emergence of Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology related to the study of mammals is presented. Based on publications from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the study describes ancient Ukrainian vernacular names for mammals, as well as the names of their anatomical elements, which are no longer in use today. The study raises the topic of the general development of palaeozoological studies in Ukraine in the late 19th and first half of the 20th centuries. The disappearance of ancient terminology during the completion of the policy of indigenisation and language reform in 1933. The fate of scientists who used the first Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology in the context of the repressive system of the Soviet Union is briefly mentioned.Conclusions: Despite unfavourable conditions, when Ukrainian lands were divided between two empires, Ukrainian-language scientific terminology in the natural sciences, including palaeozoology, emerged in the mid-19th century. Basic, frequently used terms, zoonyms and animal anatomical parts already existed in the Ukrainian language at that time. They reflected popular ideas about the characteristics of the appearance or lifestyle of a particular species. Several Ukrainian scientists set themselves the task of collecting them and introducing them into scientific circulation, starting in the mid-19th century. These attempts are recorded in scientific articles or dictionaries, which aim to provide readers with Ukrainian equivalents of Russian or German terms. A large number of these works emerged on the basis of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917 and favourable conditions against the backdrop of the policy of indigenisation. Most of the Ukrainian-language palaeozoological terminology fell out of scientific use due to the language reform of 1933. As a result of its implementation, we now have modern scientific terminology, including palaeozoological terminology. This reform aimed to artificially bring the Ukrainian and Russian languages closer together. The language reform resulted in the formation of new terms similar to their Russian counterparts. This study is important for understanding Russia's colonial influence on the scientific community in the last century.