Огляд інноваційної діяльності американських медичних коледжів упродовж 1934–1939 рр. у працях Г. Вайскоттена

Abstract

Статтю присвячено аналізу праць Г. Вайскоттена, зокрема «Тенденції в медичній практиці» (1937), «Медична освіта у Сполучених Штатах Америки 1934– 1939 рр.: підготовано для Ради з питань медичної освіти та лікарень Американської медичної асоціації» (1940) та «Тенденції в медичній практиці: аналіз розподілу й характеристик випускників медичних коледжів 1915–1950 рр.» (1960), які висвітлюють інноваційну діяльність американських медичних коледжів у 1934-1939 рр. З’ясовано, що Велика депресія негативно вплинула на розвиток медичної освіти США. Проте, установлено, що під час економічної кризи у США Г. Вайскоттен провів а) опитування випускників 1930 р. та 1935 р. щодо кар’єрних успіхів; б) перевірку медичних коледжів США та Канади.

The article deals with analysis of the works by H. Weiskotten, in particular, “Trends in Medical Practice” (1937), “Medical Education in the United States 1934–1939: Prepared for the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association” (1940) and “Trends in Medical Practice: An Analysis of the Distribution and Characteristics of Medical College Graduates, 1915–1950” (1960). These works highlight the innovative activities of US medical colleges in 1934–1939. To achieve the objective of the study, the author applies such methods as (i) bibliographic one – to identify scientific and pedagogical sources of different years on the problem; (ii) content analysis, generalization, systematization – to determine certain aspects of the innovative activities of US medical colleges in 1934–1939 and to present them in a comprehensive review. Note that in the 1930s there was the global economic crisis, which also touched the United States. The Great Depression negatively affected the development of American medical education. However, in the mid-1930s, H. Weiskotten surveyed graduates of 1930 to determine their career success in the field of medicine. The answers were ambiguous, but all graduates unanimously intended to help their patients sick, despite the crisis in the country. Moreover, during 1934–1939, H. Weiskotten also conducted a large-scale inspection of US medical colleges and those in Canada. Within this inspection, despite the shortcomings, there were interesting examples of innovative activities such as: - appointing the dean of the medical college; - organization of colleges of social services (or social work), hygiene and health care, pharmacy, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, etc.; - conceptual upgrading of the curriculum in medical colleges due to the emergence of new approaches, methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases; - close relations between students and the teaching staff of medical colleges; - conducting medical research; - actualization of disciplines “Bacteriology” and “Immunology” and so on. As for the further research, we will cover the innovative activities of US medical colleges in the 1940s and 1950s.