Земська реформа та її вплив на розвиток народної освіти Донбасу у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст.
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Дата
2016
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Анотація
У статті розглядається внесок земства в управління та організацію роботи училищ, вплив земських реформ на розвиток народної освіти Донеччини (наприкінці ХІХ – початку ХХ ст.). Висвітлюються питання налагодження самоврядуванням системи контролю за роботою національних початкових шкіл, що сприяло значному розширенню закладів народної освіти та професійній підготовці вчителів на території Донецького регіону.
Аналіз діяльності земств і освітніх реформ у соціальній історії та промисловій розбудові Донбасу свідчить про необхідність та корисність ланки в системі початкової освіти. Завдяки ним була створена матеріальна база для подальшого розвитку освіти.
The rapid development of society raised the problem of increasing the function of Zemstvo authorities. This increasing was revealed in the socio-cultural improving of regions. It is naturally that the society is based on the cultural and social experience. The society accumulated the historical experience of solving problems for centuries. The organization of education and educational activities always were the topical problems. The influence of Zemstvo policy on the development of public education in the Donbas region in the late 19th – early 20th centuries is studied in the article. Materials of local teachers, Zemstvo reports represent the article database. It describes the development of public education in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. Sources from the funds of the State Archives of the Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Donetsk regions illuminate the life in Eastern Ukraine of the studied period. The article studies the contribution of Zemstvo in the management and organization of schools, the influence of reforms on the development of public education in Donetsk (in the late 19th – early 20th centuries). The article studies the establishing of the system for monitoring the work of primary vocational schools by the self-government. That contributed to a significant extension of public education and the teachers training institutions in the Donetsk region. It is proved that advanced Zemstvos tried to organize the training of national teachers in the local teachers’ schools, conducted various courses and congresses of teachers, where they discussed topical issues of educational and outreach activities. Analysis of Zemstvo activities and educational reforms in the social history and industrial development of Donbas demonstrates the necessity and usefulness of the system of primary education. Due to this, the material base for the further development of education was created. Zemstvo allocated annual and one-time appropriations for education. That was one of the main sources of income for schools. Zemstvo’s leaders actively participated in establishing and organizing the management of schools. Active participation contributed to the educational needs of peasants, workers, middle class and increased cultural and educational level of the region.
The rapid development of society raised the problem of increasing the function of Zemstvo authorities. This increasing was revealed in the socio-cultural improving of regions. It is naturally that the society is based on the cultural and social experience. The society accumulated the historical experience of solving problems for centuries. The organization of education and educational activities always were the topical problems. The influence of Zemstvo policy on the development of public education in the Donbas region in the late 19th – early 20th centuries is studied in the article. Materials of local teachers, Zemstvo reports represent the article database. It describes the development of public education in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. Sources from the funds of the State Archives of the Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Donetsk regions illuminate the life in Eastern Ukraine of the studied period. The article studies the contribution of Zemstvo in the management and organization of schools, the influence of reforms on the development of public education in Donetsk (in the late 19th – early 20th centuries). The article studies the establishing of the system for monitoring the work of primary vocational schools by the self-government. That contributed to a significant extension of public education and the teachers training institutions in the Donetsk region. It is proved that advanced Zemstvos tried to organize the training of national teachers in the local teachers’ schools, conducted various courses and congresses of teachers, where they discussed topical issues of educational and outreach activities. Analysis of Zemstvo activities and educational reforms in the social history and industrial development of Donbas demonstrates the necessity and usefulness of the system of primary education. Due to this, the material base for the further development of education was created. Zemstvo allocated annual and one-time appropriations for education. That was one of the main sources of income for schools. Zemstvo’s leaders actively participated in establishing and organizing the management of schools. Active participation contributed to the educational needs of peasants, workers, middle class and increased cultural and educational level of the region.
Опис
Ключові слова
земство, district council, місцеве самоврядування, local government, повіт, county, народна освіта, public education, школа, school, Донбас, Donbas
Бібліографічний опис
Єфімов, Д. В. Земська реформа та її вплив на розвиток народної освіти Донбасу у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. [Текст] / Д. В. Єфімов // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, О. Є. Антонова, Дж. Бішоп та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2016. – № 2 (56). – С. 253–262.