Робота вчителя початкових класів з обдарованими учнями як професійно-педагогічна діяльність

Abstract

У статті обґрунтовано сутність і зміст роботи вчителя початкових класів з обдарованими дітьми як професійно-педагогічної діяльності. Визначено складники роботи вчителя початкових класів з обдарованими дітьми: діагностичний, формувальний, аналітико-корекційний. Схарактеризовано моделі ідентифікації («Принцип турнікета» Дж. Рензуллі, С. Ріса, Л. Сміта, Іллінойська модель, «Резервуарна модель» Дж. Гауена, варіант проекту «RAPYHT» М. Карне, «Модель послідовної стратегії прийняття рішення» К. Хеллера тощо) та стратегії освіти (прискорення, поглиблення, збагачення, проблематизація) обдарованих дітей. З'ясовано вимоги до відбору змісту й організації навчальної діяльності обдарованих учнів початкової школи.

The analysis of relevant studies has demonstrated an arbitrary, and sometimes contradictory interpretation of the work with gifted pupils, which leads, on the one hand, to terminological uncertainty, and on the other hand, does not allow to clearly outline the functions of a teacher working with gifted pupils. Despite the terminological uncertainty, most researchers attribute identification (detection, search, selection) and learning to the components of work with gifted pupils. Taking into account these invariant components, we define the work with gifted pupils as a professional and pedagogical activity aimed at diagnostic testing and education of gifted students in order to facilitate their self-realization. We have attributed diagnostic, shaping, analytical and correctional subcomponents to the components of the work of the teacher of primary school with gifted pupils. Such an understanding of the work of the primary school teacher with gifted pupils is stipulated by the author's definition of giftedness as the systemic quality of the psyche, which permits to achieve the highest results in one or another type of activity, develops throughout life and determined by the complex of cognitive (sensory processes, thinking, memory, speech, attention), individual and psychological (inclinations, abilities, intelligence, creativity), personal (motivation, affects, will), social (environment of education and training, experience) and other characteristics and factors, not only as the highest level of development of capacities. The models of identification (“The principle of the turngate" of J. Renzulli, S. Rice, L. Smith, the Illinois model, "Reservoir model" of J. Gaouen, the variant of the project "RAPYHT" of M. Carne, "Model of the sequential decision-making strategy" of K. Heller, etc.) and educational strategies (acceleration, deepening, enrichment, problem-making) of gifted children have been characterized in the article. An overview of the approaches of scientists to regularities and principles of teaching of gifted primary school pupils has been realized. Requirements for the selection of content and organization of educational activity of gifted primary school students have been determined. It has been proved that teaching of gifted primary school pupils should be based on a differentiated approach through qualitative reorganization (enrichment) and problematization of the content of education using the technologies of personalized teaching and problem, heuristic, search, research methods, since this will allow to take into account as much as possible cognitive and personal peculiarities and needs of gifted children.