Национальный компонент в языковом эстетическом идеале (на примере оценки благозвучия речи русскими и китайцами)

Abstract

В статье поднимается вопрос о национальном компоненте в структуре языкового эстетического идеала. Авторы определяют национальный компонент как сформировавшийся у народа-носителя языка на протяжении веков критерий эстетической оценки речи, который неразрывно связан с типом языковой системы, с нравственными нормами народа, с биогенезом. В статье также нашли отражение полученные экспериментальным путем данные об особенностях оценки благозвучия речи у разных народов.

The aim of the article is to determine the content of the concept of the national component of the linguistic aesthetic ideal of society, its features in Russian and Chinese using the example of the evaluation of the harmony of speech by Russians and Chinese. In the process of research, the following methods have been used: a method of theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the problem of the characteristics of sound organization of speech in Chinese and Russian; the method of questioning and experiment, which were used to identify harmonious speech; method of statistical analysis of the obtained materials. The authors define the national component as a criterion of aesthetic evaluation of speech that has developed among the people who speak the language for centuries, which is inextricably linked with the type of language system, with moral standards of the people, with biogenesis. The article also reflected the experimentally obtained data on the peculiarities of the evaluation of the euphony of speech in different nations: for native speakers, the criterion for perfect sound organization of speech is the uniform alternation of vowels and consonants, and for native speakers of China, the most important criterion is automatically achieved by them due to the quantitative variability of the word, that is, the ability of the word to increase in syllables (from monosyllabic to bi-syllable or/and four-syllable) or reduce their number to two syllables in the formation of complex words. Evaluation of the quality of sound or sound combinations in Russian according to the criterion beautiful/ugly in Chinese students coincides with the Russian speakers, but the evaluation by criterion is difficult/easy has shown that for Chinese students most sounds and sound combinations are difficult to pronounce, since the articulation base does not match even with pronouncing sounds that have equivalents in two languages.