Фасилятивний підхід у діяльності викладача як сучасний напрям реформування вищої освіти

Abstract

У статті автор розкриває необхідність запровадження фасилятивного підходу в освіті, розглядає сутність і ступінь дослідження проблеми педагогічної фасилітації в процесі підготовки майбутніх учителів. Визначено особливості формування педагогічної фасилітації у процесі навчання у вищому навчальному закладі. Описано досвід використання методів фасилітації у процесі підготовки майбутніх педагогів.

In the article the author reveals the necessity of introduction of facilitating approach to education, considers the essences and extent of research of the problem of pedagogical facilitation in the process of future teachers' training. The peculiarities of the pedagogical facilitation formation in the learning process in higher education institution are defined. The experience of the use of facilitation methods in the process of future teachers' training is described. It is found out that facilitating approach is the ability to build new relationships with pupils or students taking a right of pupils/students to free self-realization and their own expertise as well as competent possession of a number of interactive methods and techniques. Facilitation as a new teaching style is possible mainly through the restructuring of teacher's personality due to his personal growth. The teacher-facilitator builds relationships with students on the basis of three major characteristics: openness, congruence, sincerity in relationships; pedagogical optimism and confidence; empathy. In comparison with traditional teaching methods, interactive methods change the interaction of the students and the teacher, because the activity itself gives way to activity of students. The task of the teacher is to create conditions for initiative students. Therefore, during interactive communication, the students are full participants, their experience is no less important than the experience of the teacher, which does not give ready knowledge, and encourages students to self-search. It is concluded that facilitating approach to teaching will form the educators of a new type, create active learning environment, initiate joint cooperation of students among each other and with the teacher, develop the initiative and creativity of students, arouse a sense of satisfaction from the educational process and increase motivation for learning and professional activities. As one of the effective methods of facilitating approach the author in her experience of the future teachers' training uses the method "World café" to solve educational problems of different nature.