Нормативно-правове урегулювання діяльності ректорів університетів України у ХІХ столітті
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2013
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Статтю присвячено аналізу нормативних документів з питань організації вітчизняної вищої (університетської) освіти XIX століття; схарактеризовано положення університетських статутів, що носили характер законів, і визначали процедуру обрання, перелік повноважень, напрями діяльності ректорів університетів України впродовж XIX століття.
The article is devoted to analysis of regulatory documents concerning organization of higher (university) education in the 19th century in Ukraine, which set out requirements to candidates for the rector’s office, the rector election or an appointment procedure, the scope of duties and responsibilities and areas of activity. Scientific research has proved that during the studied period the aforementioned matters were regulated, first of all, by university charters. A university charter of 1804 became the first document to regulate activity of rectors of Ukrainian universities at legislative level. The rector was to be elected from among ordinary professors for a one-year term. His candidature, nominated by the minister of popular education, required approval by the emperor and only the emperor had the authority to relieve him from his duties. At the same time, the rector was considered «first among equals» and his actions and decisions could be easily appealed at the board meetings or in the university court. The rector as the head of university had the duty of taking care about the institution’s improvement, presided over all university and committee meetings, was responsible for maintenance of order at the university, and oversaw performance by university officials and staff of their duties and their compliance with provisions of the university charter and directives of the minister and educational district curator. Every month the rector had to report to curator about the state of affairs in the university and also in educational institutions of the educational district. However, the rector had the power to make independent decisions only on the matters which could not be postponed and was obliged to report on his decision at the nearest meeting of academic council and university board. As the chairman of academic council and university board, the rector had the right of decisive vote. Moreover, the rector had the right to be first to open letters addressed to the university, board, academic council and educational committee. The rector also kept the large university seal. In the event of rector’s illness, death or absence for good reason his deputy, called pro-rector, acted for him. If the latter was unable for any reason to perform rector’s duties, the university board had to elect another pro-rector from among ordinary professors by notifying the curator about it. Later on, with the entry into force of the charters of 1833, 1835, 1842, 1863, 1884 the above regulations underwent certain changes as a result of change of the government policy on higher education, narrowing or expanding the scope of competence of collegiate bodies in administrative organization of Ukrainian universities and strengthening authority of educational district curators and the minister. The above factors had substantial bearing upon the status of the rector as the head of university and the scope of his duties.
The article is devoted to analysis of regulatory documents concerning organization of higher (university) education in the 19th century in Ukraine, which set out requirements to candidates for the rector’s office, the rector election or an appointment procedure, the scope of duties and responsibilities and areas of activity. Scientific research has proved that during the studied period the aforementioned matters were regulated, first of all, by university charters. A university charter of 1804 became the first document to regulate activity of rectors of Ukrainian universities at legislative level. The rector was to be elected from among ordinary professors for a one-year term. His candidature, nominated by the minister of popular education, required approval by the emperor and only the emperor had the authority to relieve him from his duties. At the same time, the rector was considered «first among equals» and his actions and decisions could be easily appealed at the board meetings or in the university court. The rector as the head of university had the duty of taking care about the institution’s improvement, presided over all university and committee meetings, was responsible for maintenance of order at the university, and oversaw performance by university officials and staff of their duties and their compliance with provisions of the university charter and directives of the minister and educational district curator. Every month the rector had to report to curator about the state of affairs in the university and also in educational institutions of the educational district. However, the rector had the power to make independent decisions only on the matters which could not be postponed and was obliged to report on his decision at the nearest meeting of academic council and university board. As the chairman of academic council and university board, the rector had the right of decisive vote. Moreover, the rector had the right to be first to open letters addressed to the university, board, academic council and educational committee. The rector also kept the large university seal. In the event of rector’s illness, death or absence for good reason his deputy, called pro-rector, acted for him. If the latter was unable for any reason to perform rector’s duties, the university board had to elect another pro-rector from among ordinary professors by notifying the curator about it. Later on, with the entry into force of the charters of 1833, 1835, 1842, 1863, 1884 the above regulations underwent certain changes as a result of change of the government policy on higher education, narrowing or expanding the scope of competence of collegiate bodies in administrative organization of Ukrainian universities and strengthening authority of educational district curators and the minister. The above factors had substantial bearing upon the status of the rector as the head of university and the scope of his duties.
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Ключові слова
університет, ректор, статут, діяльність, повноваження, university, rector, charter, activity, powers
Бібліографічний опис
Тищенко, І. В. Нормативно-правове урегулювання діяльності ректорів університетів України у ХІХ столітті [Текст] / І. В. Тищенко // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, Дж. Бішоп, О. В. Єременко та ін. – Суми : СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2013. – №8 (34). – С. 42–51.