Генеза становлення та розвитку ліцеїв військового спрямування в Україні

Abstract

У статті здійснено історико-педагогічний аналіз процесу становлення й розвитку закладів військового спрямування в незалежній Україні. Автором схарактеризовано три етапи у функціонуванні зазначених інституцій: перший (24.08.91–13.06.96 рр.) – підготовча робота щодо створення ліцеїв військового спрямування, початковий період їх діяльності; другий (14.06.96 –11.05.99 рр.) – передача всіх ліцеїв, крім Київського, у підпорядкування обласних державних адміністрацій і їх подальший розвиток; третій (12.05.99 – і по сьогодні) – подальша розбудова мережі ліцеїв військового спрямування в Україні та вдосконалення їх діяльності.

The article presents the historical and pedagogical analysis of the process of the development of military lyceum orientation institutions in independent Ukraine. The author describes three stages in the functioning of these institutions: the first stage (24.08.91-13.06.96 years) – preparatory work for the creation of military lyceums, the initial period of their activity; the second one (14.06.96 -11.05.99 years) – transferring all lyceums except Kiev’s one, under the authority of provincial governors and their further development; the third one (05.12.99 – even now) – further development of a network of military lyceum orientation in Ukraine and improve their activity. Creating a system of military high education of independent Ukraine, lyceums had to become the institutions that were supposed to create a subsystem pre-university military training. On the first stage, when they were subordinated under the Ministry of Defence, it was in that way. But on the second stage, after the distribution of subordinated spheres, subsystem collapsed: the lyceums of advanced military and physical training actually came out of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine influence. Further measures of reforming the Armed Forces, primarily aimed at reducing the number of troops and the number of military higher educational institutions, while increasing the number of schools came into conflict with each other, which resulted in the increase of the negative trends connected with falling of results entering pupils to the military high schools. On the third stage several conflicts became obvious and the chief among them was the following: the number of high schools graduates became bigger than the amount of places in military high schools. The positive trend of recent years is that the Cadet education and training have become more popular in Ukraine. Distribution of this idea is engaged by «The Renaissance Fund cadet corps in Ukraine». There were two military high schools, nineteen schools with advanced military and physical training, two cadet schools and one high school with five cadet classes in Ukraine in 2013.