Вплив передумов на формування сучасної дуальної системи вищої освіти Німеччини

Abstract

У статті висвітлено особливості виникнення вищих навчальних закладів прикладних наук у системі вищої освіти Німеччини. Проаналізовано головні історичні події, що вплинули на становище сучасної дуальної системи ХХІ століття. Визначено поняття дуальної системи, її прояв у сучасній системі зв’язку теорії і практики. Досліджено особливості наукової діяльності ВНЗ прикладних наук та права випускників цього типу ВНЗ на наукову діяльність у майбутньому. Проаналізовано кількість сучасних ВНЗ прикладних наук та їх вплив на економіку Німеччини в цілому, та основні перспективи запозичення досвіду Німеччини для реформування вищої освіти в Україні зокрема.

The main reasons for appearing higher educational establishments of applied sciences in the system of higher education in Germany have been studied. The fundamental historical events, Bologna process in particular, have been investigated, how they influenced the state of modern dual system of the 21st century. Three main historical periods have been distinguished. The notion «dual system» has been defined and its realization in modern correlation system of theory and practice has been researched. The basic conditions of admission and studying at higher educational systems of applied sciences have been analyzed. The two-level system of higher education: Bachelor and Master has been considered and its realization in this particular kind of higher educational establishment. The peculiarities of scientific work have been researched and the rights of the graduates of this kind of higher educational establishment concerning future scientific work have been analyzed. The higher education legislation has been studied and fundamental articles that influence the modern system of higher education in Germany have been presented in this paper. The number of modern higher educational establishments of applied sciences and its impact of the economics of Germany on the whole has been considered. The main perspectives of borrowing Germany experience for reforming the higher educational system of Ukraine have been studied. The duration of studying and the ways of organizing practice concerning arranging and realization of dual studying have been considered in this article. The ways of organizing scientific work and the possibilities for the graduates to continue this work beyond this type of educational establishments in order to get PhD in the future have been studied. The main differences between Diplomas of higher educational establishments of applied sciences and universities have been observed. The professions and subjects taught at the higher educational establishments of applied sciences have been considered. The main aspects that can be adopted in the sphere of higher education in Ukraine have been analyzed.