Сучасні уявлення щодо патогенезу та проявів афазії при мозковому інсульті
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Дата
2015
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Анотація
Ефективність реабілітаційних заходів при афазії залежить від розвитку адекватних природі дефекту методів відновного навчання. Створення таких методів можливе за умов їх відповідності сучасним науковим уявленням про патогенез та прояви даного розладу. Мета статті – визначити сучасні теорії щодо патогенезу та проявів афазії, яка виникла внаслідок інсульту головного мозку. У ході дослідження, на основі аналізу останніх наукових публікацій, встановлено основні етапи розвитку вчення про афазію та визначено особливості її протікання при геморагічному та ішемічному інсультах головного мозку.
The effectiveness of the recovery measures during aphasia depends on the development of adequate methods of the rehabilitation process which corresponds to the nature of the defect. The creation of such methods will be possible given the condition that they will correspond to the modern scientific conceptions regarding the pathogenesis and occurrence of this disorder. The aim of this article is to determine the contemporary theories in pathogenesis and occurrence of aphasia following a stroke of the brain. Analyzing recent scientific publications it was identified that at different stages the theories of aphasia corresponded to the level of scientific knowledge and primarily to the understanding of the higher mental functions in human beings. A prerequisite for the modern conceptions of the nature of aphasia was the accumulated experience in the field of the consequences after the local injuries of the brain. As early as the first observations of aphasia the scientists held the cases of the vascular genesis of this disorder. The modern conceptions on aphasia became a foundation of its new definition and distinguished the key issues for differential diagnostics. Up to date the major studies were made on aphasia following a stroke of the brain. However, regardless the great number of researches, the accumulated experience and long-standing observations some aspects are open for discussions. Contemporary researches point out that the language disturbances in post-stroke aphasias are diverse and different in its manifestation. The ischemic strokes account for the aphasia as twice as the hemorrhage strokes. The severity of speech impairments is considerably higher in the ischemic stroke. The nature of aphasia and its development are indentified not just by the type of stroke but also and primarily by the clinical features in acute period of the illness, which depend on the nature of process, size of lesion, occurrence of new hemorrhages, the state of collateral blood circulation and so on. Besides, the co-called “pure” forms during brain strokes there are numerous cases of mixed and complex language disorders. These issues are important and crucial for making prognosis of the recovery of speech function and the development of effective procedures of rehabilitation learning process in these patients.
The effectiveness of the recovery measures during aphasia depends on the development of adequate methods of the rehabilitation process which corresponds to the nature of the defect. The creation of such methods will be possible given the condition that they will correspond to the modern scientific conceptions regarding the pathogenesis and occurrence of this disorder. The aim of this article is to determine the contemporary theories in pathogenesis and occurrence of aphasia following a stroke of the brain. Analyzing recent scientific publications it was identified that at different stages the theories of aphasia corresponded to the level of scientific knowledge and primarily to the understanding of the higher mental functions in human beings. A prerequisite for the modern conceptions of the nature of aphasia was the accumulated experience in the field of the consequences after the local injuries of the brain. As early as the first observations of aphasia the scientists held the cases of the vascular genesis of this disorder. The modern conceptions on aphasia became a foundation of its new definition and distinguished the key issues for differential diagnostics. Up to date the major studies were made on aphasia following a stroke of the brain. However, regardless the great number of researches, the accumulated experience and long-standing observations some aspects are open for discussions. Contemporary researches point out that the language disturbances in post-stroke aphasias are diverse and different in its manifestation. The ischemic strokes account for the aphasia as twice as the hemorrhage strokes. The severity of speech impairments is considerably higher in the ischemic stroke. The nature of aphasia and its development are indentified not just by the type of stroke but also and primarily by the clinical features in acute period of the illness, which depend on the nature of process, size of lesion, occurrence of new hemorrhages, the state of collateral blood circulation and so on. Besides, the co-called “pure” forms during brain strokes there are numerous cases of mixed and complex language disorders. These issues are important and crucial for making prognosis of the recovery of speech function and the development of effective procedures of rehabilitation learning process in these patients.
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Ключові слова
афазія, афазія при мозковому інсульті, патогенез афазії при мозковому інсульті, клінічні прояви афазії при мозковому інсульті, aphasia, post-stroke aphasia, pathogenesis of aphasia, occurrence of aphasia after stroke of the brain
Бібліографічний опис
Лянна, О. В. Сучасні уявлення щодо патогенезу та проявів афазії при мозковому інсульті [Текст] / О. В. Лянна // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, О. Є. Антонова, Дж. Бішоп та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2015. – № 7 (51). – С. 359–368.