Розумово відсталі діти як медико-психолого-педагогічна проблема
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Дата
2015
Автори
Боряк Оксана Володимирівна
Boriak Oksana Volodymyrivna
Назва журналу
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Назва тому
Видавець
Анотація
У статті розглядаються сучасні підходи до проблеми визначення розумової відсталості в медичному, психологічному та педагогічному аспектах. Окреслено психологічні та клінічні особливості розумово відсталих дітей.
Метою статті є узагальнення відомостей щодо визначення розумової відсталості в медичному, психологічному та педагогічному аспектах; обґрунтування та встановлення взаємозв’язку та взаємозалежності ступенів розумової відсталості та порушень мовленнєвого розвитку.
Сьогодення вимагає зусиль, спрямованих на поглиблення науково-теоретичних і науково-методичних уявлень про цілісність, системність та інтегрованість, індивідуально-особистісну орієнтованість корекційного психолого-педагогічного впливу як на пізнавальний, загальний психічний, так і мовленнєвий розвиток дитини з розумовою відсталістю.
The article deals with the modern approaches to the problem of mental retardation determination in medical, psychological and pedagogical aspects as well as study of psychological and clinical characteristics of mentally retarded children. Speech disorders in mentally retarded children are very different and have stable character. These speech disorders negatively affect the mental development of mentally retarded child and the effectiveness of his teaching. The purpose of the article is data generalization regarding the definition of mental retardation in medical, educational and psychological aspects; the reasonableness and determination of relationships and interdependencies of mental retardation levels and speech development disorders. While studying the problems of medical, psychological and pedagogical definition of mental retardation were used theoretical research methods: analysis, classification, comparison and generalization of scientific data in the field of medicine, speech therapy, correctional psycho-pedagogy, general and special psychology and neuro-psychology on the topic studied for the purpose of determining the state of investigation of the problem and promising directions of its solution. The modern stage of development of defectological science requires efforts which are aimed at deepening of scientific-theoretical and scientific-methodological views about integrity, systematic approach and integration, individual and personal focus of correctional-psycho-pedagogical influence on cognitive, general mental as well as speech development of a mentally retarded child. Probably, the expectation of a correctional effect in the development of speech activity of mentally retarded children can be achieved under certain specially created conditions: a science-based system analysis of demonstration both verbal and psychological dysontogenesis; development of principles, methods and content of the early differential diagnosis of speech development considering the psychological mechanisms and patterns of speech activity formation during ontogenesis; development of varied classification (typology) of different demonstrations of speech development disorders in the middle of children nosology considering the structure and complexity of both intellectual and speech disorders; development of a special system of correctional logopedic effect with support on the determination of the causes and individual characteristics of speech development disorders in mentally retarded children.
The article deals with the modern approaches to the problem of mental retardation determination in medical, psychological and pedagogical aspects as well as study of psychological and clinical characteristics of mentally retarded children. Speech disorders in mentally retarded children are very different and have stable character. These speech disorders negatively affect the mental development of mentally retarded child and the effectiveness of his teaching. The purpose of the article is data generalization regarding the definition of mental retardation in medical, educational and psychological aspects; the reasonableness and determination of relationships and interdependencies of mental retardation levels and speech development disorders. While studying the problems of medical, psychological and pedagogical definition of mental retardation were used theoretical research methods: analysis, classification, comparison and generalization of scientific data in the field of medicine, speech therapy, correctional psycho-pedagogy, general and special psychology and neuro-psychology on the topic studied for the purpose of determining the state of investigation of the problem and promising directions of its solution. The modern stage of development of defectological science requires efforts which are aimed at deepening of scientific-theoretical and scientific-methodological views about integrity, systematic approach and integration, individual and personal focus of correctional-psycho-pedagogical influence on cognitive, general mental as well as speech development of a mentally retarded child. Probably, the expectation of a correctional effect in the development of speech activity of mentally retarded children can be achieved under certain specially created conditions: a science-based system analysis of demonstration both verbal and psychological dysontogenesis; development of principles, methods and content of the early differential diagnosis of speech development considering the psychological mechanisms and patterns of speech activity formation during ontogenesis; development of varied classification (typology) of different demonstrations of speech development disorders in the middle of children nosology considering the structure and complexity of both intellectual and speech disorders; development of a special system of correctional logopedic effect with support on the determination of the causes and individual characteristics of speech development disorders in mentally retarded children.
Опис
Ключові слова
мовлення, мовленнєва діяльність, порушення мовлення, системне недорозвинення мовлення, розумово відсталі діти, ступені розумової відсталості, формування та корекція мовленнєвої діяльності, спеціальна школа, логокорекційна робота, speech, speech activity, speech disorders, systemic underdevelopment of speech, mentally retarded children, levels of mental retardation, formation and correction of speech activity, special school, logo-correctional work
Бібліографічний опис
Боряк, О. В. Розумово відсталі діти як медико-психолого-педагогічна проблема [Текст] / О. В. Боряк // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, О. Є. Антонова, Дж. Бішоп та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2015. – № 6 (50). – С. 74–85.