The Methodology of Speed-Power Training of Young Sprinters of 12-15 Years Old in an Annual Macrocycle

Abstract

The analysis and generalization of scientific literature and sports practice data allows us to assert that the development of recommendations regarding the high-quality organization of physical culture classes with children of different ages is an urgent and practically significant problem of modern society. The innovative methodology for the development of motional abilities of 11-13 years old boys was developed using the combined method and the circuit training method in a cycle of physical education classes, as well as using additional basic athletics exercises and the game method. The effectiveness of the developed methodology was tested in a molding experiment lasting three years. Classes in the control group were conducted on the basis of the curriculum, and in the experimental one using the developed innovative methodology based on the use of the combined method of development of motional abilities and the circuit method of training in the cycle of physical education classes, as well as using additional basic athletics exercises and the game method. During the three years (grades 4-6) the dynamics in the following speed and speedstrength tests were recorded: long jump and triple standing jump, high jump standing, long jump with a running start, running 20 m with a maximum speed and running 30 m from a high start. It should be noted that the results in the presented tests considering boys of 10-13 years old in two groups are constantly increasing. However, these increases are uneven. Thus, for example, the greatest increase in the standing long jump among the trainees in the EG was recorded at the age from 10 to 11 years old (15 cm), and among the representatives of the CG the improvement was 8.0 cm. In general, over a three-year period, the shifts among those who practiced according to the innovative methodology in this test are 36.3 cm (20.4 %), and among their peers – 16.0 cm (10.0 %). Thus, it can be assumed that the increase in a standing jump, determined by the method, was 10.4 % (statistically significant at 5 % significance level). Moreover, the smallest increase is observed at the age of 12-13 years. The results of testing the indices of motional abilities which were carried out according to the “Eurofit” testing system indicate that when conducting training sessions using the innovative methodology, the indices of motional conditions (p<0.05) of 11-13 years old boys increased statistically to a greater extent, in comparison to those involved in the control groups. Moreover, the statistically significant (for a 5 % significance level) fact is that the best results of boys of grades 4-6 in the experimental group were observed when estimating the increase in running and jumping exercises, as well as strength and speedstrength indicators of muscles, leg extensors in the knee and hip joints.

Мета дослідження – визначення результативності методики підготовки юних бігунів на короткі дистанції в річному макроциклі з використанням рухливих, спортивних ігор та ігрових вправ. У результаті проведених досліджень визначена результативність у тренувальному процесі спринтерів 12-15 років різних варіантів організації їх спеціальної силової підготовки, розроблена методика розвитку швидкості і швидкісно-силових здібностей ігровими засобами тренування в юних бігунів-спринтерів показала свою продуктивність. Отримав підтвердження той факт, що засоби підготовки бігунів на короткі дистанції повинні підбиратися таким чином, щоб забезпечити позитивну взаємодію якостей сили і швидкості з метою ефективного виконання необхідного рухового завдання.