Інтеграція різних видів діяльності на уроках мистецтва в початкових класах

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано необхідність та доцільність вивченнѐ учнѐми початкових класів галузі мистецтва на основі педагогічної інтеграції. Ефективність такого вивченнѐ розглѐдаютьсѐ шлѐхом реалізації інтегрованого підхіда. Автори доводѐть, що саме цей підхід дозволить подолати існуячу проблему художньої однобічності здобувача початкової ланки освіти, формуячи здатність цілісного сприйманнѐ мистецтва, осѐгненнѐ й зіставленнѐ різних мов мистецтва засобами художнього порівнѐннѐ, синтезу та узагальненнѐ. Система художньо-естетичного освітнього процесу початкової школи подано авторами через комплекс конкретно визначених методів, засобів і форм навчаннѐ. Також описано власний педагогічний досвід у формі авторського інтегрованого курсу «Світ мистецтва» длѐ учнів початкових класів Нової української школи.

The effectiveness of such a study is considered through an integrated approach. The authors prove that this approach will allow to overcome the existing problem of an artistic one-sidedness of the elementary level of education, forming the ability to comprehend and compare different languages of art by means of artistic synthesis. The system of artistic and aesthetic educational process of the primary school is presented by the authors through a set of specifically defined methods, tools and forms of education. The article describes the author’s course “The World of Art” for pupils of elementary grades of a new Ukrainian school. In the process of our teaching activity we have revealed some advantages and disadvantages of the integrated learning and integrated classes at primary school. We are convinced that the integrated classes correspond to the conditions defined by the New Ukrainian school. Such classes favour enrichment of knowledge, systematisation of the primary school children’s knowledge in the context of the class hours shortening and informational burst in the whole. However, the integrated classes have certain shortcomings. Such classes enablement needs a careful piece of work, coordination and systematization of the learning material due to the other learning subjects in primary school as well as lack of time. Such classes may be conducted by the teachers having experience in the methodology of the integrated learning and high creative potential. Integrated Arts lesson is a result of creative teacher’s work, a kind of work of art. It is reasonable to make integrated classes aimed at consolidation of knowledge and development of the creative possibilities. In spite on such difficulties it should be mentioned the high teaching potential of the integrated learning of younger schoolchildren. Thus, during the artistic integration, different art forms don’t duplicate. They complement each other, provide holistic and rounded interpretation of the message and artistic impact of the piece of a creative work. They also have a great emotional influence upon the personality. The study has proved that any kind of Fine Arts been used apart can’t provide the methodological aims achievement to the full extent. Only the artistic complex created through integration favours harmonious development of a child’s personality, opens the artistic worldview in the whole and influences the primary school children’s world view forming.