Перегляд за Автор "Bilichenko Lidiia"

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  • Документ
    Mykolaiv Concentration Prison:Creation and Functioning (1907-1920)
    (2024) Bilichenko Lidiia; Біліченко Лідія
    Goal of the study. On the basis of the funds of the State Archive of the Mykolaiv region, research the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv penal prison during 1907-1920.Methodology. The methodological basis of the study are the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, which allow us to determine the place and role of the Mykolaiv concentrationprison in the system of penitentiary policy of the Russian Empire, to show the history of the Mykolaiv concentration prison at the beginning of the 20thcentury. Various methods were used in the process of work. For example, the method of statistical analysis, which made it possible to trace the number and composition of both criminal and political prisoners.Scientific novelty. This scientific article is one of the first comprehensive studies with the involvement of archival sources after 1991, which is dedicated to the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv concentration prison. The author carried out a comprehensive study of the issue of punishment and its execution in this correctional institution. The article also defines for the first time the concepts of penal prison system in the narrow sense of the word and penal-prison deprivation of liberty.Conclusions. The article, based on archival sources and with the involvement of memoir literature, investigated the creation and functioning of the Mykolaiv concentration prison during 1907-1920. It was established that both political and criminal prisoners were held in the prison. Prisoners’ labor was actively used in the prison, and there were cloth-making, boot-making, carpentry, metalwork, basket-making, and blacksmithing workshops. Based on this, it was found that the reference to hard labor for particularly dangerous criminals (both political and criminal) implied strict isolation burdened with harsh conditions combined with excruciating forced labor. By creating such conditions, the government sought to intimidate and brutally punish political and criminal criminals, without trying to correct them. Because of the strict regime in the Mykolaiv concentration prison, riots, hunger strikes, escapes, and suicide attempts often occurred.